The Philippine Islands, 1493 1898: Volume XVII, 1609 1616 by Various

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_Alonso Fajardo y Tenza_--Native of Murcia, knight of the Order of
Alcantara, and seigneur of Espinardo; arrives at Cavite, July 2, 1618,
and takes charge of government on the day following (but June 8 is
the erroneous date given by Buzeta and Bravo); foundation of convent
of Santa Clara, August-November 1, 1621; kills wife for adultery,
1621; checks insurrection in the Visayas, 1623; death from melancholy,
July 11 (Delgado) or before July 23, 1624; term as governor, July 3,
1618-July, 1624.

_Vacant_--The Audiencia takes charge of political affairs, and
_Jeronimo de Silva_ of military affairs at death of Fajardo; Silva
imprisoned by Audiencia for failure to pursue Dutch whom he puts to
flight near Playa Honda, 1624; Audiencia governs, July, 1624-June,
1625.

_Fernando de Silva_--Native of Ciudad-Rodrigo, knight of the Order
of Santiago, and former ambassador to Persia; appointed governor
(_ad interim_) by viceroy of Mexico; arrives at Manila, June, 1625;
term as governor, June 1625-June 29, 1626.

_Juan Nino de Tabora_--Native of Galicia, comendador of Puerto Llano,
and knight of Order of Calatrava; master-of-camp in Flanders; arrives
at Manila, June 29 (Retana, _Estadismo_, says wrongly July 29), 1626;
despatches expedition against Moros, 1627-1630; builds Manila bridge
and strengthens fortifications; death, July 22, 1632; term as governor,
June 29, 1626-July 22, 1632.

_Vacant_--The Audienca takes charge of political affairs, and _Lorenzo
de Olaza_ (or Olaso) of military affairs, being appointed by viceroy
of Mexico; Audiencia governs July 22, 1632-about the middle of 1633.

_Juan Cerezo de Salamanca_--Appointed governor (_ad interim_) by
viceroy of Mexico; expeditions against Moros, 1634-1635; term as
governor, about middle of 1633-June 25, 1635.

_Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera_--Native of Berbenda (Berguenda) in
the mountains of Burgos (some say of Vitoria, in province Alava),
knight of the Order of Alcantara, and ex-governor of Panama; arrives
in Manila, June 25, 1635; term notable for troubles with archbishop
and ecclesiastics; expeditions against Moros, 1637-1638; Chinese
insurrection, November, 1639-March, 1640; Formosa captured by Dutch,
August 24, 1642; gives first ordinances for good government in the
Philippines, 1642; term as governor, June 25, 1635-August 11, 1644;
arrested and held prisoner for five years by successor; released by
order of king and appointed (1659) governor of Canaries; death at
Tenerife, August 12, 1660.

_Diego Fajardo_--Knight of the Order of Santiago; takes office,
August 11, 1644; dominated by secretary Eustacio de Venegas, until
September 15, 1651; naval battles with, and victories over, Dutch,
March, July, and August, 1646; fortifies city; term as governor,
August 11, 1644-July 25, 1653.

_Sabiniano Manrique de Lara_--Native of Malaga, knight of the Order
of Calatrava, and ex-castellan of Acapulco; arrives at Cavite,
July 22, 1653; takes possession of government, July 25 (Retana,
_Estadismo_, says July 28), 1653; earthquake in Manila, August 20,
1658; insurrections among natives 1660-1661; Chinese insurrection,
1662; term marked by partial cessation in ecclesiastical troubles
and outbreaks of Moros; term as governor, July 25, 1653-September 8,
1663; returns to Malaga after residencia and becomes priest.

_Diego de Salcedo_--Native of Brussels, an army officer; appointed
governor by royal provision, December 2, 1661; arrives at Manila,
overland from Cagayan, September 8, 1663; troubles with archbishop and
ecclesiastics lead to his arrest by the Holy Office of the Inquisition,
September 28, 1668; term as governor, September 8, 1663-September 28,
1668; sent to Mexico for trial in 1669, but dies at sea; Inquisition
of Mexico exonerates.

_Juan Manuel de la Pena Bonifaz_--Junior auditor of Manila Audiencia;
succeeds as governor (_ad interim_) by trickery, September 28(?),
1668; term as governor September 28(?), 1668-September 24, 1669;
takes refuge in Recollect convent. [93]

_Manuel de Leon_--Native of Paredes de Nava, and military officer;
appointed by royal provision June 24, 1668; arrives in Manila,
September 24, 1669; conflict with archbishop, 1673; death, April 11,
1677; term as governor, September 24, 1669-April 11, 1677.

_Vacant_--The Audiencia takes charge of political affairs, and Auditors
_Francisco Coloma_ and _Francisco Sotomayor y Mansilla_, successively,
of military affairs; death of former, September 25, 1677; term of
latter, September 25, 1677-September 21, 1678 (Delgado says September
22, 1679); Audiencia governs, April 11, 1677-September 21, 1678.

_Juan de Vargas Hurtado_--Native of Toledo, knight of the Order of
Santiago, and military officer; appointed by royal provision, June 18,
1677; arrives at Manila, September 21, 1678 (Retana, _Estadismo_,
says that he took charge of the government September 29); rebuilds
college of Santa Potenciana; trouble with Archbishop Felipe Pardo; term
as governor, September 28, 1678-August 24, 1684; is excommunicated;
residencia lasts four years; dies at sea on way to Mexico, 1690.

_Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola_--Knight of the Order of Santiago,
naval officer, member of council of war, and twenty-fourth regidor of
Sevilla; arrives at Manila, August, 24, 1684; reinstates archbishop,
and exiles auditors; death, April 17 (Delgado and San Antonio) or 27
(Zuniga), 1689; term as governor, August 24, 1684-April 17 or 27, 1689.

_Vacant_--The Audiencia takes charge of political affairs and Auditor
_Alonso de Avila Fuertes_, knight of the Order of Alcantara; Audiencia
governs, April 17 or 27, 1689-July 19 (Delgado, and Buzeta and Bravo)
or 25 (Zuniga and Montero y Vidal), 1690.

_Fausto Cruzat y Gongora_--Native of Navarra of a distinguished
Pamplona family, and knight of the Order of Santiago; appointed
by royal provision, January 15 (Delgado) or 31 (San Antonio),
1686; arrives at Manila, July 19 or 25, 1690; issues ordinances
of good government, October 1, 1696; rebuilds governor's palace;
term characterized by ecclesiastical troubles; term as governor,
July 19 or 25, 1690-December 8, 1701.

_Domingo Zabalburu de Echevarri_--Knight of the Order of Santiago,
and military officer; appointed governor, September 18, 1694; arrives
at Manila, December 8 (San Antonio says September), 1701; attends to
public works; receives papal legate to China, Carlos Tomas Maillard
Tournon, without credentials (which leads to his dismissal by the
king), September, 1704; term as governor, December 8, 1701-August 25,
1709; returns to Spain, 1710.

_Martin de Urzua y Arismendi_--Count of Lizarraga, and knight of the
Order of Santiago; appointed by royal provision, August 19, 1704;
arrives at Manila, August 25, 1709; diminishes number of Chinese at
Manila; schism between Recollects, and other ecclesiastical troubles;
death, February 4, 1715; term as governor, August 25, 1709-February
4, 1715.

_Vacant_--The Audiencia takes charge of political affairs, and Auditor
Doctor _Jose Torralba_ of military affairs; carries on public works;
Audiencia governs, February 4, 1715-August 9, 1717; Torralba arrested
by next governor for deficit and misuse of funds; dies in Philippines
in poverty, with sentence by Council of Indies of exile from Madrid
and Manila.

_Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamente y Rueda_--Usually called the
"Mariscal," because he was the first mariscal-de-campo to govern the
islands; ex-alcalde-mayor of Trascala, in Nueva Espana; appointed
governor by royal provision, September 6, 1708; arrives at Manila,
August 9, 1717; severe in judgments; reestablishes garrison at
Zamboanga; his troubles with the ecclesiastics lead to arrest of
archbishop, and to his assassination by a mob (said by some to have
been instigated by Jesuits), October 11, 1719; term as governor,
August 9, 1717-October 11, 1719.

_Fray Francisco de la Cuesta_--Of the Order of San Geronimo; native
of Colmenar de Oreja; elected archbishop of Manila, August 12, 1712;
arrested by Bustillo Bustamente; becomes governor (_ad interim_),
on refusal of auditors to serve, October 11, 1719; term as governor,
October 11, 1719-August 6, 1721; transferred to bishopric of Mechocan,
Mexico, entering, April 18, 1724; death, May 30 (Retana) or 31
(Buzeta and Bravo), 1724.

_Toribio Jose Cosio y Campo_--Marquis of Torre Campo, knight of the
Order of Calatrava, and ex-governor of Guatemala; appointed governor
by royal provision, June 30, 1720; ordered by royal instructions to
investigate death of Bustamente, October 6, 1720; arrives at Manila,
August 6, 1721; does not investigate Bustamente's death, although
ordered again (1724) to do so by the king, acting on the advice of
the Franciscan Totanes and the Jesuits; troubles with Moros continue
throughout his rule; term as governor, August 6, 1721-August 14, 1729.

_Fernando Valdes y Tamon_--Colonel and brigadier, and knight of the
Order of Santiago; appointed by royal provision, October 25, 1727;
arrives at Manila, August 14, 1729; unsuccessfully attempts conquest
of Palaos 1730--1733; reforms army and engages in other public works;
receives royal decree of April 8 1734, deciding suit favorably
to islands with merchants of Cadiz and Sevilla over Chinese trade
between American colonies and islands; term as governor, August 14,
1729,-July, 1739; returns to Spain and appointed mariscal-de-campo.

_Gaspar de la Torre_--Native of Flanders, brigadier of royal armies
and gentleman of the king's bedchamber; arrives at Manila, July,
1739; expedition of Admiral George Anson occurs during his rule;
harsh in government; death, September 21 (Buzeta and Bravo say 29),
1745; term as governor, July 1739-September 21, 1745.

_Fray Juan Arrechederra_--Native of Caracas, Dominican, bishop-elect
of Nueva Segovia; becomes governor (_ad interim_), September 21, 1745;
quells insurrection in Batangas; fortifies Manila and Cavite against
English; term as governor, September 21, 1745-July 20 (Buzeta and
Bravo, and Mas say June), 1750; death, November 12, 1751 (Delgado;
Retana, _Estadismo_, says wrongly 1755).

_Jose Francisco de Obando y Solis_--Native of Caceres in
Estremadura, marquis of Obando, member of his Majesty's council, and
mariscal-de-campo of royal armies; in Lima when receives appointment;
arrives at Manila, July 20, 1750; troubles with Audiencia and
archbishop; troubles with Moros; term as governor, July 20, 1750-July,
1754; annoying residencia; death at sea, while on his way from Manila
to Acapulco, 1755.

_Pedro Manuel de Arandia Santisteban_--Native of Ceuta, of Biscayan
descent, knight of the Order of Calatrava, gentleman of bedchamber of
the king of the Two Sicilies, captain of the royal Spanish guards,
and mariscal-de-campo of the royal armies; arrives at Manila, July
(Retana, _Estadismo_, says June), 1754; reforms army and thereby
incurs enmities; troubles with Moros continue; expels infidel Chinese
and builds alcaiceria of San Fernando; troubles with Audiencia and
archbishop; death, May 31, 1759; term as governor, July, 1754-May
31, 1759.

_Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta_--Native of Manila, and bishop of Cebu;
becomes governor (_ad interim_), against consent of part of Audiencia,
June (Mas says July), 1759; archbishop claims governorship on his
arrival at Manila, but opposed successfully by Ezpeleta; revokes
ordinances of good government made by Arandia; brings suit against
Santiago Orendain, favorite of Arandia; royal decree gives governorship
to archbishop, July, 1761; term as governor, June, 1759-July, 1761.

_Manuel Rojo_--Native of Tala, Nueva Espana, and archbishop of Manila;
takes possession of church, July 22, 1759; becomes governor (_ad
interim_), July 1761; quashes case against Orendain; bombardment,
taking, and sack of Manila by English, and cowardice and imprisonment
of archbishop, October, 1762; term as governor July, 1761-October,
1762, although maintained as governor by English until death; death
as prisoner, January 30, 1764.

_Simon de Anda y Salazar_--Native of Subijana, born October 28,
1701; auditor; appointed by Audiencia lieutenant of the governor and
captain-general; leaves Manila, October 4, 1762; establishes capital
in Bacolor, Pampanga, and has himself proclaimed governor; British
maintain archbishop as governor until his death, who cedes islands to
them; insurrections of natives and Chinese, 1762-1764; negotiations
with English, 1763-1764; term as governor (_ad interim_), October,
1762-March 17, 1764; receives keys to city from British, April, 1764.

_Francisco Javier de la Torre_--Military officer; becomes governor
(_ad interim_), March 17, 1764; British evacuate Manila, April, 1764;
tries to restore order; term as governor, March 17, 1764-July 6, 1765.

_Jose Raon_--Native of Navarra, and mariscal-de-campo; arrives in
Manila, July 6, 1765; Le Gentil arrives at Manila, October, 1766;
Archbishop Santa Justa y Rufina takes his seat July 12, 1767; his
conflicts with regular clergy; Raon revises ordinances of Arandia;
expulsion of Chinese, 1769; expulsion of Jesuits and Raon's collusion
with them; term as governor, July 6, 1765-July, 1770; death, during
residencia at Manila.

_Simon de Anda y Salazar_--Well received at court on return after 1764,
and made councilor of Castilla; directs letter to king complaining of
certain disorders in the Philippines, enumerating among them a number
against the friars, April 12, 1768; arrives at Manila as governor,
July, 1770; proceeds against predecessor and others; rouses opposition
of regulars; reforms army and engages in other public works; troubles
with Moros continue; opposes king's order of November 9, 1774, to
secularize curacies held by regulars, and the order repealed, December
11, 1776; rule characterized by his energy, foresight, honesty, and
conflicts with the regulars; death, October 30, 1776, at seventy-six
years of age; term as governor, July, 1770-October 30, 1776.

_Pedro Sarrio_ (Soriano: Buzeta and Bravo)--Official in Manila; becomes
governor (_ad interim_), October 30, 1776 (Mas says July); continues
operations against Moros; royal order to Indians to cultivate flax
and hemp, January 12, 1777; term as governor, October 30-July 1778.

_Jose Basco y Vargas_--Born of an illustrious Granada family, and
naval officer; arrives at Manila, July, 1778; Chinese allowed to
return to Manila, 1778; opposed by Audiencia, some of whom, with
certain military officers, he arrests for conspiracy, October, 1779;
increases army and strengthens fortifications; tobacco monopoly
established February 9, 1780-March 1, 1782; _Sociedad Economica de
Amigos del Pais_ ("Economic Association of Friends of the Country")
established, 1781; insurrection in Ituy and Paniqui, 1785; royal
approval of powder monopoly, November 4, 1786; various innovations
occur during his term; encourages agriculture and other industries;
asks to be relieved because of opposition from Audiencia; at king's
permission sails for Spain, in the latter part of November, 1787;
term as governor, July, 1778-November, 1787; appointed rear-admiral,
governor of Cartagena, and count of the Conquest of the Batanes Islands
(which he had conquered)

_Pedro de Sarrio_--Appointed governor _(ad interim)_ for the second
time, November 22, 1787, on departure of Basco; insurrection in Ilocos
because of tobacco monopoly, 1787; death of archbishop Santa Justa y
Rufina, December 15, 1787; term as governor, November 22, 1787-July
1, 1788.

_Felix Berenguer de Marquina_--Naval officer; arrives at Manila July 1
(Buzeta and Bravo, and Retana say May), 1787; opposed by Audiencia;
Manila becomes an open port for all but European products, by royal
decree of August 15, 1789; proposes plans for government reforms in
the Philippines; term as governor, July 1, 1788-September 1, 1793.

_Rafael Maria de Aguilar y Ponce de Leon_-- Knight of the Order
of Alcantara, military officer, and gentleman of the bedchamber;
arrives at Cavite, August 28, 1793; enters government, September
1, 1793; strengthens fortifications, levies native troops, and
inculcates various reforms; conflicts with Moros continue, and
shipyard established (1794) at Binondo to build boats for Moro war;
receives title of mariscal-de-campo; energetic and tireless; hands over
government to king's deputy or _segundo cabo_, August 7, 1806; term
as governor, September 1, 1793-August 7, 1806; death, August 8, 1806.

_Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras_--Native of Galicia; becomes governor
(_ad interim_), August 7, 1806; insurrection in Ilocos, 1807; English
commercial house given permission to establish itself in the islands,
1809; term as governor, August 7, 1806-March 4, 1810.

_Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar_--Knight of the Order of Santiago, and
military officer; arrives at Manila, March 4, 1810; in accordance with
royal decrees of January 29 and February 14, 1810, permitting deputies
from the colonies to be chosen for the Spanish Cortes, Philippine
deputies are present in that of September 24, 1810; proposes cessation
of Acapulco ship, 1810; insurrection (anti-friar and to establish new
religion) in Ilocos, 1811; first newspaper established in Philippines,
August 8, 1811; Spanish constitution of 1812 publicly received in
Manila, April 17, 1813; Aguilar's term marked by various commercial
movements; term as governor, March 4, 1810-September 4, 1813.

_Jose Gardoqui Jaraveitia_--Naval officer; arrives at Manila,
September 4, 1813; cessation of Acapulco ship; term marked by various
governmental changes in consequence of decrees issued by Fernando
VII, by certain commercial changes, and troubles with Moros; death,
December 9, 1816; term as governor, September 4, 1813-December 9, 1816.

_Mariano Fernandez De Folgueras_--Becomes governor (_ad interim_)
for the second time, December 10, 1816; province of Ilocos Norte
created, February 2, 1818; orders reestablishment of _Real Sociedad
Economica de Filipinas_ ("Royal Economic Association of Filipinas"),
December 17, 1819; massacre of foreigners by natives, October
9-10, 1820; establishment of three short-lived newspapers in 1821;
term marked by closer connection with Spain; term as governor,
December 10, 1816-October 30, 1822; assassinated in insurrection of
Spanish-Americans and Filipinos, 1823.

_Juan Antonio Martinez_--Native of Madrid, and mariscal-de-campo;
arrives at Manila, October 30, 1822; accompanied by many new officials
from Spain; insurrection of Filipinos and Spanish-Americans in
consequence; newspaper founded by El Sociedad de Amigos del Pais, 1724;
reactionary movements of Spain affect Philippines; term as governor,
October 30, 1822-October 14, 1825; death, at sea while on way to Spain.

_Marinao Ricafort Palacin y Ararca_--Native of Murcia,
mariscal-de-campo, and perpetual ambassador of the city of Paz, Peru;
arrives at Manila, October 14, 1825; forbids foreigners to sell goods
at retail, February 4, 1828; makes laws in many different directions;
gives instructions for government of Mariana Islands, December 17,
1828; foundation of Dominican college in Ocana, Spain, as a feeder for
China and the Philippines, May 2, 1830 (approved, August 15, 1831);
returns to Spain, December 23, 1830; term as governor, October 14,
1825-December 23, 1830.

_Pascual Enrile y Alcedo_--Native of Cadiz, military officer and
segundo cabo of, the Philippines; becomes governor, December 23,
1830; expedition to Igorrotes, 1831-1832; lottery established, July
3, 1833; royal tribunal of commerce created in Manila, January 1,
1834; _Guia de Forasteros_ (Guide book for strangers) first printed,
1834; Compania de Filipinas dissolved by royal order of September 6,
1834; royal order of November 3, 1834, substitutes segundo cabo in
office of governor, in case of latter's absence, sickness, or death;
many useful laws passed and islands prosper during this term; term
as governor, December 23, 1830-March 1, 1835.

_Gabriel de Torres_--Native of Valladolid province, and segundo cabo
of the Philippines; becomes governor, March 1, 1835; death, April 23,
1835; term as governor, March 1, 1835-April 23, 1835.

_Juan Cramer_ (Montero y Vidal) Juaquin de Crame (Mas, and Buzeta and
Bravo)--Native of Cataluna; becomes governor (_ad interim_) as office
of segundo cabo vacant, April 23, 1835; term as governor, April 23,
1835-September 9, 1835.

_Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona_--Native of Ibrillos
(Rioja), and military officer; comes to Manila with appointment as
segundo cabo; becomes governor (_ad interim_), September 9, 1835;
royal council of Spain and the Indies abolished by royal decree,
September 28, 1836; by the promulgation in Madrid (June 18, 1837) of
the political constitution of the Spanish monarchy, the Philippines
lose their representation in the Cortes; term as governor, September 9,
1835-August 27, 1837.

_Andres Garcia Camba_--Knight of the Order of Santiago, and
mariscal-de-campo; captured with royal army at battle of Ayacucho,
Peru, December 9, 1824; residence in Manila April, 1825-March, 1835;
receives royal approbation to appointment as commander-in-chief
of military forces at Manila, May 22, 1826; appointed director of
_La Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais_; elected to represent
the Philippines in Spanish Cortes, 1834; appointed secretary of war
(_ad interim_), August 15, 1836; elected to Cortes to represent Lugo
(but did not sit), October 2, 1836; arrives at Manila, August 24, 1837;
takes charge of government, August 27, 1837; given name of "El Deseado"
("the desired"); is opposed politically and by the ecclesiastics;
term as governor, August 27, 1837-December 29, 1838; after return to
Spain, elected senator for Valencia; minister of the marine, commerce,
and government of the colonies, May 21, 1841-May 25, 1842.

_Luis Lardizabal_--Arrives at Manila, December 26, 1838; enters
upon government, December 29 (Montero y Vidal) or 30 (Mas), 1838;
first issue of weekly paper, _Precios corrientes de Manila_ ("Prices
current in Manila") in Spanish and English, July 6, 1839; province
of Nueva Vizcaya created, 1839; project for monument to Magalhaes on
the islet of Mactan submitted to supreme government, 1840; solicits
recall; term as governor, December 29, 1838-February, 1841; death at
sea on return voyage to Spain.

_Marcelino de Oraa Lecumberri_--Native of Navarra, and
lieutenant-general; arrives at Manila, February, 1841; insurrections
among Tagals, the second of native soldiers, 1841 and 1843; newspaper
_Seminario filipino_ first published, 1843; term as governor, February,
1841-June 17, 1843.

_Francisco de Paula Alcala de la Torre_--Native of Extremadura, and
lieutenant-general; becomes governor, June 17 (Buzeta and Bravo say
12), 1843; Isabel II declared of age and received as queen of Spain,
December 1, 1843; Alcala makes laws regulating commerce, the army, and
welfare of the islands; term as governor, June 17, 1843-July 16, 1844.

_Narciso Claveria y Zaldua_--Native of Gerona (but of Biscayan
origin), and lieutenant-general; becomes governor, July 16, 1844;
calendar in Philippines corrected, 1844; makes reforms in office
of alcalde-mayor, 1844; founds casino called "Sociedad de recreo"
("Recreation Association"), October 31, 1844; his proposal to establish
military library approved, February 15, 1846; first steam war-vessels
in the Philippines bought (in London), 1848; conquest of island of
Balanguingui, 1848, for which he receives the titles of count of Manila
and viscount of Claveria, and the cross of San Fernando, besides other
rewards; regular clergy forbidden to alienate property, January 15,
1849; surnames given to natives, November 11, 1849; his term marked
by intense activity, and the number of papers founded, among them
being the first daily of Manila, _La Esperanza_ (December 1, 1846),
and _Diario de Manila_ (1848); asks retirement and returns to Spain,
December 26, 1849; term as governor, July 16, 1844-December 26, 1849.

_Antonio Maria Blanco_--Segundo cabo; becomes governor (_ad interim_),
December 26, 1849; monthly lottery established in Manila, January 29,
1850; creates province of Union, March 2, 1850; term as governor,
December 26, 1849-June 29, 1850.

_Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguia_--Native of San Sebastian, and marquis
of Solana; formerly a Carlist; becomes governor June 29, 1850; leper
hospital founded in Cebu, 1850; bank Espanol-filipino established,
August 1, 1851, and begins operations, 1852; expedition to, and
conquest of, Jolo, 1851; term characterized by many administrative
laws; solicits retirement; term as governor, July 29, 1850-December
20, 1853; appointed minister of war by royal decree, October 12, 1856.

_Ramon Montero y Blandino_--Segundo cabo of the Philippines; becomes
governor (_ad interim_), December 20, 1853; term as governor, December
20, 1853-February 2, 1854.

_Manuel Pavia y Lay_--Marquis de Novaliches, lieutenant-general, head
of department of infantry; appointed without previous consultation,
September, 1853; arrives at Manila, February 2, 1854; reequips army;
mutiny of portion of native troops suppressed; monthly mail between
Manila and Hongkong established; leaves Manila, October 28, after
thanking religious orders (October 27) for cooeperation; term as
governor, February 2-October 28, 1854.

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