The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 34, July 1, 1897 by Various
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Various >> The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 34, July 1, 1897
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THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
Vol. 1 JULY 1, 1897 No. 34.
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NORMAL, ILL. June 16, 1897.
To whom it may concern:--
I have examined the publication "The Great Round World". It seems
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_IN THIS NUMBER OF_ THE GREAT ROUND WORLD _IS BEGUN THE STORY OF "THE
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OF THIS COUNTRY; HER WORK HAS MADE HER WORLD-FAMOUS, AND HER ABILITY AS
A TEACHER IS UNIVERSALLY RECOGNIZED. WE FEEL THAT THIS SERIES SHOULD
PROVE INVALUABLE TO OUR READERS._
[Illustration: ISLAND OF JUAN FERNANDEZ.]
[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
WORLD
AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
VOL. 1 JULY 1, 1897. NO. 34
* * * * *
The troubles between Turkey and Greece do not show any signs of reaching
a peaceful settlement. In fact, from the news this week, the Powers seem
to be growing angrier as the days go by.
England has boldly declared that she will never allow Thessaly to be
placed under Turkish rule again.
It is said that the British Ambassador, Sir Philip Currie, told this to
Tewfik Pasha, the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the presence
of Monsieur Nelidoff, the Russian Ambassador.
Sir Philip Currie is reported to have stated the decision of his
Government in such very determined words, that both the Turkish and
Russian Ministers were speechless with surprise. Tewfik Pasha listened
in silence, while the Englishman announced that unless Turkey gave back
Thessaly to Greece, Great Britain would withdraw from the concert of the
Powers. The Turkish Minister could not conceal his surprise and dismay,
but left the room without making any reply, the Russian Minister
following him.
A few days later the Turkish Cabinet met in council, and after a very
long discussion they decided that under the circumstances it was
impossible for Turkey to leave Thessaly, and that, as Turkey is in
possession of Thessaly, and able to wait patiently while the terms of
peace are being arranged, there is no need to take any immediate steps
in the matter.
The council decided to continue preparations for war, so that, if terms
of peace cannot be arranged, Turkey will be ready for any emergency.
The next time Tewfik Pasha met the Ambassadors after his conversation
with Sir Philip Currie, he was able to say that his Government would not
give up Thessaly.
The Powers made answer that Thessaly must be given up, and that the
Turks must retire to their own side of the frontier immediately.
Finding that the Powers remained firm, the Sultan ventured on an act so
bold and astonishing, that Europe has not yet recovered from it.
He appealed to the Czar of Russia and the Emperor of Germany, asking
them to help him in his efforts to make Thessaly a part of the Ottoman
Empire.
The other ambassadors were most indignant when they learned of the
Sultan's action, and one and all refused to consider any further the
treaty of peace, until the question of the Turks leaving Thessaly had
been settled.
After the news of Turkey's appeal reached them, a meeting, which lasted
four hours, was held by the diplomats, but the result of this conference
was not made public.
Mr. Gladstone has written a very bitter letter against Turkey, in which
he again refers to the Sultan as the Grand Assassin.
He is said to have stated in his letter that he should not be surprised
if the Sultan had the audacity to send representatives to the Queen's
Jubilee; and to have added that he hoped the British Government would
prevent any such thing, as the Turkish envoys might meet with a
reception that would not be agreeable to them.
This cannot be true, for so great a man as Gladstone would not stoop to
rousing his countrymen to riotous and discourteous acts. Should the
Sultan send over envoys to honor the Queen, they will be the nation's
guests, and as such should be treated with respect.
Mr. Gladstone is such a fine old man, that we are sure that this report
will be proved false.
* * * * *
There is a report that the Sultan has broken the armistice, by sending
fresh troops into Thessaly and continuing to fortify the towns of Volo
and Prevesa.
Word has also reached us that the Governor of Volo has issued a
proclamation, ordering the people who ran away from the town when the
Turks entered it to return. Unless these people go back within two
weeks, all the property they left behind them will be seized and
confiscated by the Turks.
The unfortunate inhabitants of Thessaly seem to be having a very hard
time of it. It is said that the province is full of brigands, and that
many people who fled to the mountains to avoid the Turks have been
seized by these vagabonds and held for ransom.
For years Greece was a very unsafe place for travellers on account of
robbers.
In the days before railways, when people had to travel by coach,
brigands infested most of the mountains and forests in Europe.
It was their habit to keep a regular lookout for travellers, and, as
soon as they approached, rush out upon them and rob them. If any
important person happened to be in the party, the brigands would make
him captive and hold him until his friends paid a large sum for his
freedom.
Brigandage has lingered longer in Greece than elsewhere, because there
are fewer railroads in that country.
* * * * *
There is little likelihood of decided action on Cuban affairs for the
present.
It is evident that President McKinley does not mean to do anything rash
in this matter.
He is reported to have said that he thinks the subject should be
considered with the greatest care, and that no hasty conclusions should
be arrived at.
There is a report that he intends to outline his Cuban policy, and then
entrust it to the new Minister to Spain. Much thought has been exercised
in choosing this official, the President having finally nominated Gen.
Stewart L. Woodford for the important mission. It is thought that
nothing will be done in regard to Cuba until after General Woodford
arrives in Madrid.
The President has received Mr. Calhoun's report, and from the statements
which this gentleman made on his return it would seem impossible any
longer to deny that actual warfare is being carried on in Cuba.
When Mr. Calhoun was questioned on the subject, he replied:
"War is going on in the island. True, no great battles are being
fought, no Gettysburgs or Chickamaugas, but there is war nevertheless."
He was asked if he thought the war would soon be over. He said he could
not form any idea about it; all he knew was that a very cruel war was
going on, and that both sides were doing their best to ruin the country.
Some people who profess to know say that any action taken by the United
States will be in the line of home rule for Cuba. The President
questioned Mr. Calhoun very closely as to the possibility of the Cubans
accepting home rule, and Mr. Calhoun replied that he thought the Cubans
generally would be in favor of such a measure.
Spain is thought to be willing to agree to some arrangement of this
character. The rebellion in Cuba is costing her between eight and ten
million dollars a month, and it is supposed that she will be willing to
get out of her difficulties if she can find a way.
The stumbling-block in the way of home rule is that there has been
created a debt of many million dollars as a result of the war. If Spain
does not make the payment of this enormous sum of money by Cuba the
condition of granting home rule, the matter may soon be arranged. Should
Spain insist on the payment of this money, Cuba will have to fight until
the end, for it is quite impossible for her to meet any such demand.
There are reports that General Weyler will be recalled to Spain. Some
say that he has already been ordered home; others that he has sent in
his resignation, but that the Queen Regent will not accept it until she
sees what the United States is going to do. If trouble should come with
this country she will probably keep Weyler in Cuba.
There is now a very strong party in Madrid which demands the removal of
Weyler.
There was some excitement when the news reached this country that Gen.
Rius Rivera was to be shot. The news came from Havana, and roused a
storm of indignant protests against such a shameful practice as shooting
a prisoner of war.
The Spanish newspapers have been saying very unkind things about us
since the Senate passed the Morgan resolutions, but in spite of this it
would seem that Spain is really anxious to keep our good will. No sooner
did the report about General Rivera reach us, than Senor Dupuy de Lome
made full inquiries into the matter, and sent word to his Government
that the reports were absolutely false, and that the authorities had no
intention of shooting General Rivera.
In regard to the Ruiz matter, it is said that our Government will claim
that Spain is responsible for the doctor's death, whether he died from
injuries received in the prison or not, because they kept him shut up,
without the privilege of communicating with anybody, ten days longer
than the law permits.
It is expected that our Government will claim $150,000 damages for Mrs.
Ruiz and her children, and will demand that Fondeviella, who was in
charge of the jail, shall be punished for keeping the unfortunate man in
this close confinement for three hundred and fifteen hours, instead of
the seventy-two hours named in their law.
The authorities in Madrid are beginning to think that too many Cubans
are claiming the protection of American citizenship, to save themselves
from punishment.
When Dr. Ruiz was arrested, he claimed American citizenship, and it was
on account of this claim that General Lee became interested in his case.
By referring to page 473 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, you will see that Dr.
Ruiz was born in Cuba, came to the United States to study, became
naturalized, and then went back again to Cuba, where he entered into
business as a dentist. His case was so complicated, that the authorities
in Cuba thought they had good ground for disbelieving him when he
claimed to be a citizen of the United States.
To avoid any such trouble in future, Spain has proposed to make a new
naturalization treaty with us. The terms of this treaty will cover just
such cases as that of Dr. Ruiz.
One of the articles provides that any Cuban, or other Spanish-born
subject, who becomes naturalized in this country, and then goes back to
live in Cuba or the land of his birth, will, after two years' residence
in the country in which he was born, be once more regarded as a Spanish
subject, and must waive his naturalization rights.
If, however, at the end of the two years, he declares his intention to
go back and live in his adopted country, he will be allowed to do so,
and his naturalization will hold good.
Our Government is in favor of accepting this treaty, because it will
save the consuls much trouble and avoid many squabbles between the two
governments.
* * * * *
The _Dauntless_ has been on trial for filibustering, and released, no
arms or suspicious cargo having been found in her.
It is to be feared that the _Dauntless_ did not deserve her good
fortune. If the reports be true, the day after her release from custody
she took on a large cargo of war material, and made off for Cuba with
thirty-five volunteers on board.
In her cargo she is said to have carried three hundred rounds of
ammunition for the famous dynamite-gun, so it is to be supposed that the
terrible weapon is once more in working order.
A large expedition landed in Santa Clara the other day.
The report says that the cargo was unloaded in the face of a force of
Spanish coast-guards, who had sighted the vessel and hurried to the
shore to capture the expedition. A gunboat was sent round to cut the
filibuster off by sea, while the coast-guard did the work on land. The
Cubans, however, beat off both their foes and landed the cargo safely.
News of a battle near Havana has been telegraphed to Key West, but the
press censor has forbidden the details to be published. For this reason
it is believed to have been a Cuban victory, with heavy losses on the
Spanish side.
* * * * *
There is some very important news about Hawaii this week.
A treaty, whereby Hawaii is to be annexed to the United States, has been
prepared, approved by the President, signed by the representatives of
both governments, and sent to the Senate for consideration.
The way it all came about was this.
We have been telling you from week to week about the angry feeling that
has been growing between Hawaii and Japan.
Last week we told you how threatening the Japanese Minister had become,
and that he hinted that diplomatic relations between the two countries
would be severed.
The Hawaiian Government became very much alarmed at this, and the two
gentlemen who had been sent to the United States to try and bring about
the annexation were instructed to go once more to our Government and beg
that something be done before it was too late.
_Annexing_ means joining to. You know what an annex to a house is--that
it is a few extra rooms built beside the house, and joined permanently
to it. When one country annexes another it makes it part of itself. The
new lands are permanently joined to the old, and are regarded as a part
of the whole.
President McKinley has expressed himself as in favor of annexing Hawaii,
and has been considering the matter for some time. He did not wish that
anything should interfere with the Tariff Bill, and for this reason kept
Hawaiian matters in the background, along with Cuban affairs, until the
Tariff question should be settled.
The trouble with Japan has forced him to consider Hawaiian Annexation
before he intended to, and so the treaty has been drawn up.
He is more willing to give the matter his attention at the present time,
because he finds that Hawaiian affairs are really delaying the Tariff
Bill.
A great deal of our sugar is imported from the Hawaiian Islands, and
under a commercial treaty made between Hawaii and the United States this
sugar is brought into our country free of duty.
There is a clause in the treaty which says that the President can
terminate it whenever he wishes to, by giving due notice.
In considering the sugar tariff, it was necessary for the Senators to
decide whether Hawaiian sugar should still be admitted free of charge,
or should be subject to the same duties as other sugars.
The Senators could not come to any agreement until they knew whether the
President meant to end the treaty--abrogate it, as it is called.
Not wishing to delay the Tariff Bill, the President thought the wisest
thing to do would be to let the Senate know that he was in favor of
annexing Hawaii.
With Hawaii a part of this country, the sugar question would settle
itself, and the Tariff Bill could go on undisturbed.
Before the President allowed any word of his intentions to become known,
he called a Cabinet meeting and laid the treaty before his ministers.
The majority of the Cabinet approved of the draft of the treaty that was
read to them, and it is thought that the Senate will also look favorably
on the measure, and that the necessary two-thirds vote will be secured
without trouble.
The treaty provides that the United States shall become possessed of all
the public lands and buildings, ships, ports, etc., belonging to Hawaii,
and shall in return assume Hawaii's debts, which amount to $4,000,000.
This treaty does not provide any pension for the ex-queen,
Liliuokalani, nor any gift of money for the Princess Kiaulani.
The treaty proposed in 1893, which was rejected by Mr. Cleveland,
provided liberally for both. You can read all about it on page 734 of
THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.