Notes and Queries, Number 65, January 25, 1851 by Various
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Various >> Notes and Queries, Number 65, January 25, 1851
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_The Bailiffe._
"All iche theron challenged,
That theron was for to challenge,
Nameliche,--this:--and--this:
And all that ther was for to challenge.
_Lord of Ruckwood._
"Fayer iche him uppdede
Als iche hoveon for to don.
_The Bailiffe._
"All iche warnyd to the Ward to cum,
That therto hoveon for to cum,
By SUNNE SHINING.
_Lord of Ruckwood._
"We our roope theder brouhton,
A roope beltan[8],
Als we hoveon for don;
And there waren and wakeden,
And the Ward soe kept,
That the King was harmless,
And the Country scatheless.
_The Bailiffe._
"And a morn, when itt day was,
And the sun arisen was,
Faier honour weren to us toke,
Als us hoveon for to don.
_The Lords, and the Tenants_
Fayre on the staffe we scorden,
Als we hoveon for to don,
Fayre we him senden,
Theder we hoveon for to sende.
_The Bailiffe._
And zif ther is any man
That this wittsiggen can
Iche am here ready for to don
Azens himself, iche one,
Other mid him on,
Other mid twyn feren,
Als we ther weren.
----
"Sir, byleve take this staffe,
This is the Tale of the Wardstaffe."
It will be at once apparent that this is a corrupt transcript of a
semi-Saxon original of much earlier date; and by comparing it with Morant's
very blundering copy, the conjectural corrections I have essayed will be
perceived to be numerous. Many of then will, however, be found not only
warranted, but absolutely necessary, from the accompanying prose account of
the ceremony. The MS. from which it was taken by Morant, was an account of
the Rents of the hundred of Ongar, in the time of John Stonar of Loughton,
who had a grant of it for his life in the 34th year of King Henry VIII. He
seems to have died 12th June, 1566, holding of the Queen, by the twentieth
part of a knight's fee, and the yearly rent of 13l. 16s. 4d., the manor,
park, chase, &c., of Hatfield Broad Oak, with the hundreds of Ongar and
Harlow; and the _Wardstaff_ of the same hundreds, then valued at 101l. 15s.
10d. As the _Wardstaff_ is said by Morant to make a considerable figure in
old records, it is reasonable to hope that a more satisfactory account of
it may still lie amongst unsunned ancient muniments. All the old Teutonic
judicial assemblies were, as Sir F. Palgrave remarks, held in the open air,
beneath the sky and _by the light of the sun_. The following is a part of
the ancient rhyme by which the proceedings of the famous Vehm-Gerichte were
opened, which were first printed by Schottelius, and the whole of which may
be found in Beck's _Geschichte der Westphalischen Fehm-Gerichte_, and in
Sir F. Palgrave's work. The similarity of expression is remarkable.
{59}
"All dewile an duessem Dage,
Mit yuwer allen behage,
Under den HELLEN HIMMEL klar,
Ein fry Feld-gericht openbar;
Geheget BYM LECHTEN SONNENSHIN
Mit noechterm Mund kommen herin,
De toel ock is gesettet recht,
Dat maht befunden uprecht,
So sprecket Recht ane With und Wonne
Up Klage und Antwort, WEIL SCHIENT DIE SONNE."
I must refer to Morant, to Beckwith or Sir F. Palgrave, for the details of
the ceremony of the Wardstaff, which it should appear was observed at least
as late as the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but in Morant's time it had long
been neglected. In the hope that some of your antiquarian correspondents
may be enabled to throw more light on this very curious custom, I will
merely add, that Morant suggests that it is possible some elucidation of it
might be found "in the Evidence House in Hatfield Church, where (he says)
are a great number of writings relating to the priory and lordship."
S.W. SINGER.
Jan 11. 1851.
[Footnote 3: ažied, cut.]
[Footnote 4: _i.e._ tally, or _score_.]
[Footnote 5: _i.e._ a rope with a _bell_ appended.]
* * * * *
BALLAD ASCRIBED TO SIR C. HANBURY WILLIAMS.
Being engaged on a collection of fugitive pieces by wits of the last
century, yet unprinted, I wish to take the opinion of your valuable
correspondents as to the authorship of the enclosed piece. It has been
pointed out to me in an album, dated at the beginning Feb. 14th, 1743; it
occurs towards the end of the volume (which is nearly filled), without
date, and signed C.H. Williams.
It is evidently not autograph, being in the hand which mainly pervades the
book. Had Sir C.H. Williams been a baronet at the time, his title would
doubtless have been attached to his name. I wish to know, first, at what
date Sir C.H. Williams was born, became a baronet, and died? Secondly, is
there any internal evidence of style that the ballad is by his hand?
Thirdly, is there any clue as to who the fair and cruel Lucy may have been?
And lastly, whether any of your correspondents have seen the thing in print
before?
G.H. BARKER.
Whitwell, Yorkshire.
I.
"Lips like cherries crimson-juicy,
Cheeks like peach's downy shades,
Has my Lucy--lovely Lucy!
Loveliest of lady's maids!!!
II.
"Eyes like violet's dew-bespangled,
Softly fringed deep liquid eyes!
Pools where Cupid might have angled
And expected fish to rise.
III.
"Cupid angling?--what the deuce! he
Must not fish in Lucy's eye!
Cupid leave alone my Lucy--
You have other fish to fry!!!
IV.
"But with patience unavailing--
Angling dangling late and soon--
Weeping, still I go a _wail_ing,
And _harp on_ without harpoon.
V.
"Kerchief, towel, duster, rubber,
Cannot wipe my weeping dry--
_Whal_ing still I lose _my blubber_,
Catching _wails_ from Lucy's eye.
VI.
"Blubber--wax and spermaceti--
Swealing taper--trickling tear!
Writing of a mournful ditty
To my lovely Lucy dear.
VII.
"Pouring tears from eyelids sluicy,
While the waning flamelet fades,
All for Lucy--lovely Lucy,
Loveliest of lady's maids.
"C.H. WILLIAMS."
[The foregoing ballad does not appear in the edition of the works of
Sir C. Hanbury Williams (3 vols. 8vo. 1822), from the preface to which
it appears that he was born in 1709, installed a Knight of the Bath in
1746, and died on the 2nd November, 1759.]
* * * * *
MINOR QUERIES.
_Book called Tartuare.--William Wallace in London._--1. Is there any one of
your correspondents, learned or unlearned, who can oblige me with any
account of a printed book called _Tartuare?_ Its date would be early in the
sixteenth century, if not before this.
2. After William Wallace had been surprised and taken, he was brought to
London, and lodged, it is said, in a part of what is now known as Fenchurch
Street. There is a reader and correspondent of yours, who, I am assured,
can point out the site of this house, or whatever it was. Will he kindly
assist archaeological inquirers, by informing us whereabouts it stood?
W.(I.)
_Obeism._--Can any of your readers give me some information about _obeism_?
I am anxious to know whether it is in itself a religion, or merely a rite
practised in some religion in Africa, and imported thence to the West
Indies (where, I am told, it is rapidly gaining ground again); and whether
the _obeist_ obtains the immense power he is said to possess over his
brother negroes by any acquired art, or simply by working upon the more
superstitious {60} minds of his companions. Any information, however, on
the subject will be acceptable.
T.H.
Mincing Lane, Jan. 10. 1851.
_Aged Monks._--Ingulphus (_apud Wharton, Anglia Sacra_, 613.) speaks of
five monks of Croyland Abbey, who lived in the tenth century, the oldest of
whom, he says, attained the age of one hundred and sixty-eight years: his
name was Clarembaldus. The youngest, named Thurgar, died at the premature
age of one hundred and fifteen. Can any of your correspondents inform me of
any similar instance of longevity being recorded in monkish chronicles? I
remember reading of some old English monks who died at a greater age than
brother Thurgar, but omitted to "make a note of it" at the time, and should
now be glad to find it.
F. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER.
Gloucester Place, Kentish Town.
_Lady Alice Carmichael, daughter of John first Earl of Hyndford._--John
second Lord Carmichael succeeded his grandfather in 1672. He was born 28th
February, 1638, and married, 9th October, 1669, Beatrice Drummond, second
daughter of David third Lord Maderty, by whom he had seven sons and _four_
daughters. He was created Earl of Hyndford in 1701, and died in 1710.
I wish to be informed (if any of the obliging readers of your valuable
publication can refer me to the authority) what became of Alice, who is
named among the daughters of this earl in one of the early Scottish
Peerages (anterior probably to that of Crawfurd, in 1716), but which the
writer of this is unable to indicate. Archibald, the youngest son, was born
15th April, 1693. The Lady Beatrice, the eldest daughter, married, in 1700,
_Cockburn_; Mary married _Montgomery_; and Anne married _Maxwell_. It is
traditionally reported that the Lady Alice, in consequence of her marriage
with one of her father's tenants, named Biset or Bisset, gave offence to
the family, who upon that contrived to have her name omitted in all
subsequent peerages. The late Alexander Cassy, of Pentonville, who
bequeathed by will several thousand pounds to found a charity at Banff, was
son of Alexander Cassy of that place, and ---- Biset, one of the daughters,
sprung from the above-named marriage.
SCOTUS.
"_A Verse may find Him._"--In the first stanza of Herbert's poem entitled
the _Church Porch_, in the _Temple_, the following lines occur:--
"A verse may find him, whom a sermon flies,
And turn delight into a sacrifice."
Which contain, evidently, the same idea as the one enunciated in the
subsequent ones quoted by Wordsworth (I believe) as a motto prefixed to his
ecclesiastical sonnets, without an author assigned:--
"A verse may catch a wandering soul that flies
More powerful tracts: and by a blest surprise
Convert delight into a sacrifice."
Query, Who was the author of them?
R.W.E.
Hull.
_Daresbury, the White Chapel of England._--Sometime ago I copied the
following from a local print:--
"'_Nixon's Prophecy._--When a fox without cubs shall sit in the White
Chapel of England, then men shall travel to Paris without horses, and
kings shall run away and leave their crowns.'
"The present incumbent of Daresbury, Cheshire (the White Chapel of
England), is the Rev. Mr. Fawkes, who (1849) is unmarried. The striking
accomplishment--railway travelling and the revolutions of the present
year--must be obvious to every one."
My Query to the above is this: Why is the church of Daresbury called the
White Chapel of England, and how did the name originate? The people in the
neighbourhood, I understand, know nothing on the subject.
An answer to the above from one of your learned correspondents would
greatly oblige.
J.G.
_Ulm Manuscript._--Can you inform me where the Ulm manuscript is, which was
in the possession of Archdeacon Butler, at Shrewsbury, in the year 1832. It
is a document of great interest, and some critical value, and ought to be,
if it is not already, in public keeping. It is a Latin MS. of the Acts and
Epistles, probably of the ninth century, and contains the
Pseudo-Hieronymian Prologue to the "Canonical" Epistles.
It renders the classical passage, 1 John v. 7, 8., in this wise:--
"Quia tres sunt qui testimonium dant, spiritus, et aqua, et sanguis, et
tres unum sunt. Sicut in coelo tres sunt, Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus,
et tres unum sunt."
You will remember that it is quoted by Porson in his _Letters to Travis_,
p. 148., and again referred to by him, pp. 394. 400.
Was it sold on the death of the Bishop of Lichfield, or bequeathed to any
public institution? or did it find its way into the possession of the Duke
of Sussex, who was curious in biblical matters, and was a correspondent of
Dr. Butler? Some of your learned readers will perhaps enable you to trace
it.
O.T. DOBBIN, LL.D. T.C.D.
Hull, Yorkshire, Jan. 1851.
_Merrick and Tattersall._--Will any of your correspondents be so obliging
as to give the years of _birth_ of Merrick, the poet and versifier of the
Psalms, and of his biographer, Tattersall. The years of their _deaths_ are
given respectively 1769 {61} and 1829: but I can nowhere find when they
were born.
M.
[Merrick was born in 1720, and Tattersall in 1752.]
_Dr. Trusler's Memoirs._--I have the First Part of the _Memoirs of the Life
of the Rev. Dr. Trusler, with his Opinions and Remarks through a Long Life
on Men and Manners, written by himself._ Bath. Printed and published by
John Browne, George Street, 1806. This Part is a 4to. of 200 pages, and is
full of curious anecdotes of the time. It was intended to form three or
more Parts. Was it ever completed: and if so, where to be procured? In all
my searches after books, I never met but with this copy.
At the end of the First Part there is a prospectus of a work Trusler
intended to publish in the form of a Dictionary (and of which he gives a
specimen sheet), entitled _Sententiae Variorum_. Can any of your Bath
friends say if the manuscript is still in existence, as he states that it
is ready for the press; or that he would treat with any party disposed to
buy the copyright?
T.
_Life of Bishop Frampton._--I have in my possession a manuscript life of
Bishop Frampton, who was ejected for not taking the oaths to William and
Mary. It is of sufficient detail and interest to deserve publication. But
before I give it to the world, that I may do what justice I can to the
memory of so excellent a man, I should be happy to receive the
contributions of any of your readers who may happen to possess any thing of
interest relating to him. I have reason to believe that several of his
sermons, the texts of which are given in his life, are still in existence.
Will you be kind enough to allow your periodical to be the vehicle of this
invitation?
T. SIMPSON EVANS.
Shoreditch.
_Probabilism._--Will any one inform me by whom the doctrine of Probabilism
was first propounded as a system? And whether, when fairly stated, it is
any thing more than the enunciation of a deep moral principle?
R.P.
_Sir Henry Chauncy's Observations on Wilfred Entwysel._--After recording
the inscription on the brass plate in St. Peter's Church, St. Alban's, to
the memory of Sir Bertin Entwysel, Knt., Viscount and Baron of Brykbeke in
Normandy, who fell at the first battle of St. Alban's, in 1455, Chauncy
proceeds to state:--
"These Entwysels were gentlemen of good account in Lancashire, whose
mansion-house retains the name of Entwysel, and the last heir of that
house was one Wilfred Entwysel, who sold his estate, and served as a
lance at Musselborrow Field, Anno 2 Edw. VI. After that he served the
Guyes in defence of Meth, and he was one of the four captains of the
fort of Newhaven, who being infected with the plague and shipped for
England, landed at Portsmouth, and uncertain of any house, in
September, 1549, died under a hedge."--_Historical Antiq. of
Hertfordshire, by Sir Henry Chauncy, Knt., Serj. at Law_, p. 472. fol.
1700.
On what authority is this latter statement made, and if it was traditional
when Chauncy wrote, was the foundation of the tradition good? Did Sir
Bertin Entwysel leave issue male, and is the precise link ascertained which
connects him with the family of Entwisle of Entwisle, in the parish of
Bolton-en-le-Moors, in Lancashire? Wilfred Entwysel was not "the last heir
of that house," as the _post mortem inq._ of Edmund Entwisle, of Entwisle,
Esq., was taken 14 Sept. 1544, and his son and heir was George Entwisle,
then aged twenty-two years and upwards. Amongst his large estates was "the
manor of Entwissell."
F.R.R.
_Theological Tracts._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where the
following tracts are to be found?--
"_Pattern of the Present Temple_,"
"_Garnish of the Soul_,"
"_Soldier of Battle_,"
"_Hunt of the Fox_,"
"_Fardle of Fashions_,"
"_Gamer's Arraign_,"
and a work entitled "_Vaux's Catechism_."
I am sorry not to be able to give a more minute description of them; they
were all published, I think, before the middle of the seventeenth century.
The Bodleian and our own University Libraries have been searched, but to no
purpose.
S.G.
_Lady Bingham._--In _Blackwood's Magazine_, vol. lxviii. p. 141. there is a
paper, bearing every mark of authenticity, which details the unsuccessful
courtship of Sir Symonds D'Ewes with Jemima, afterwards Baroness Crewe, and
daughter of Edward Waldgrave, Esq., of Lawford House in Essex, and Sarah
his wife. It is stated that the latter bore the name of Lady Bingham, as
being the widow of a knight, and that his monument may still be seen in
Lawford church. On referring to the Suckling Papers, published by Weale, I
find no account of this monument, though an inscription of that of Edward
Waldgrave, Esq., apparently his father-in-law, is given. Can any of your
readers give me any information as to this lady? I should, if possible, be
glad to have her maiden name and origin, as well as that of her first
husband. She might have been the widow of Sir Richard Bingham, Governor of
Connaught, &c., whose MS. account of the Irish wars is now publishing by
the Celtic Society, and who died A.D. 1598. In that case, I leave a
conjecture before me, that she was a Kingsmill of Sidmanton, in Hampshire.
I mention this to aid enquiry, if any one will be so good as to make it. If
there is such a monument in existence, his arms may be quartered on it, for
which I should be also thankful.
C.W.B. {62}
_Gregory the Great._--Lady Morgan, in her letter to Cardinal Wiseman,
speaks of "the pious and magnificent Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, the ally
of Gregory _the Great_, and the foundress of his power through her wealth
and munificence." By Gregory the Great it is evident that Lady Morgan means
Hildebrand, or Gregory VII. May ask, through the medium of your pages,
whether any authority can be found for terming Gregory VII. _the Great_, an
epithet which I had previously considered to be confined to Gregory I.?
EGENHART.
_John Hill's Penny Post, in_ 1659.--I noted a few years back, from a
bookseller's catalogue, the title of a work--
"Hill (John), a Penny-Post; or a vindication of the liberty of every
Englishman in carrying Merchants' and other Men's letters against any
restraints of farmers of such employments. 4to. 1659."
Can any of your correspondents give an account of this work?
E.M.B.
_Andrea Ferrara._--Will any kind friend inform me where any history is to
be found of "Andrea Ferrara," the sword cutler?
V.E.L.
_Imputed Letters of Sallustius._--Can any of your correspondents inform me
whether a MS. of the _Epistles of Sallustius to Caesar on Statesmanship_ is
deposited in any one of our public libraries?
KENNETH R.H. MACKENZIE.
January 18. 1851.
_Thomas Rogers of Horninger_ (Vol. ii., pp. 424. 521.).--I am obliged to
Mr. Kersley for his reference to Rose's Biographical Dictionary; but he
might have supposed that all such ordinary sources of information would
naturally be consulted before your valuable journal be troubled with a
query. Having reason to believe that Rogers took an active part in the
stirring events of his time, I shall be much obliged to any of your
correspondents who will refer me to any _incidental_ notices of him in
cotemporary or other writers: to diffuse which kind of information your
paper seems to me to have been instituted.
S.G.
_Tandem D.O.M._--In an ancient mansion, which stands secluded in the
distant recesses of Cornwall, there reposes a library nearly as ancient as
the edifice itself, in the long gallery of which it has been almost the
sole furniture for a space of full two centuries. What is still remarkable,
the collection remains sole and entire in all its pristine originality, as
well as simple but substantial bindings, uncontaminated by any additions of
more modern literature, dressed up in gayer suits of calfskin or morocco.
It is even said that few of the pages of these venerable volumes have even
seen the light since the day they were deposited there by their first most
careful owner, till the present proprietor took the liberty of giving them
a dusting. How far he has advanced in examining their contents is
uncertain; but, as he seldom can summon courage to withdraw himself from
their company, even for his parliamentary duties, these literary treasures
stand a chance, at last, not only of being dusted externally, but of being
thoroughly sifted and explored internally. A note of the existence of such
a collection of books is at least worth recording as unique of its kind. I
have now a query to put in relations to it.
The collector seems to have been one Hannibal Gamon, whose name appears
written in fine bold characters,--as beseems so distinguished an
appellation,--on the title-page of each volume; but, besides, there is
frequently appended this addition--"_tandem D.O.M._" The writer has his own
solution on the meaning of this bit of Latin, but would be glad to know
what interpretation any of your readers would be inclined to put thereon.
FABER MARINUS.
_The Episcopal Mitre._--When first was the episcopal mitre used? And what
was the origin of its peculiar form?
AN ENQUIRER.
* * * * *
REPLIES.
THE PASSAGE IN TROILUS AND CRESSIDA.
(Vol. ii., p. 386.)
The oldest edition of this play is the quarto of 1609, in which the passage
referred to stands thus:--
"_Hect._ Begon, I say, the gods have heard me sweare.
"_Cas._ The gods are deafe to hotte and peevish vowes,
They are polluted offrings more abhord,
Then spotted livers in the sacrifice.
"_And._ O be perswaded, do not count it holy,
It is the purpose that makes strong the vow,
But vowes to every purpose must not hold:
Unarme, sweet Hector."
This reading, by stopping the sense at "holy," renders less likely to be
correct the emendation of Tyrwhitt, adopted by Malone:--
"O be persuaded: do not count it holy
To hurt by being just: it is as lawful,
For we would give much to use violent thefts,
And rob in the behalf of charity."
Dr. Johnson observes, "This is so oddly confused in the folio, that I
transcribe it as a specimen of incorrectness:--
'----do not count it holy
To hurt by being just: it is as lawful
For we would count give much to as violent thefts,' &c."
With reference to these particulars, I should be glad if you would allow me
to propose a reading which has not yet been suggested:--
{63}
"O be persuaded; do not count it holy:
To hurt, by being just, count it unlawful:
For we would give, as much, to violent thefts,
And rob, in the behalf of charity."
The meaning being, it is as unlawful to do hurt by being just, as it would
be to _give_ to a robbery, or to _rob_ for a charity; to assist a bad cause
by a good deed, or a good cause by a bad deed.
The word "count," in its second occurrence, was inserted by the printer in
the wrong line; when it is restored to its proper place, the passage
presents but little difficulty.
JOHN TAYLOR.
* * * * *
BLACK IMAGES OF THE VIRGIN.
(Vol. ii., p. 510.)
Your correspondent, MR. HOLT WHITE, throws cut a suggestion relative to the
origin of the black doll as a sign at old store shops, which is ingenious,
but not very probable. The images of black virgins are confined, I believe,
to the south of Europe, with the exception of the celebrated shrine of
Einsiedeln in Switzerland. The origin of the colour appears to be oriental,
as MR. W. surmises. I send the following extract, in answer to his query on
the subject. It is a quotation from Grimm, in M. Michelet's _Introduction
to Universal History_; and, as your readers must be all familiar with the
language of the gifted historian, I will not make the attempt to convey his
brilliant style into another tongue.
"Une des idees qui reviennent le plus dans nos meistersinger, dit
Grimm, c'est la comparaison de l'incarnation de Jesus Christ avec
_l'aurore d'un nouveau soleil_. Toute religion avait eu son
soleil-dieu, et des le quatrieme siecle l'eglise occidentale celebre la
naissance du Christ au jour ou le soleil remonte, au 25 Decembre,
c'est-a-dire, au jour ou l'on celebrait la naissance du _soleil
invincible_. C'est un rapport evident avec le soleil-dieu Mithra. On
lit encore, dans nos poetes, que Jesus a sa naissance reposait sur le
sein de Marie, comme un oiseau, qui, le soir, se refugie dans une fleur
de _nuit_ eclose au milieu de la mer. Quel rapport remarquable avec le
mythe de la naissance de Brama, enferme dans le lis des eaux, le lotus,
jusqu'au jour ou la fleur fut ouverte par les rayons du soleil,
c'est-a-dire, par Vischnou lui-meme, qui avait produit cette fleur. Le
Christ, le Nouveau-jour, est ne de la nuit, c'est-a-dire de Marie la
_Noire_, dont les pied reposent sur la lune, et dont la tete est
couronnee de planetes comme d'un brillant diademe. (Voyez les tableaux
d'Albert Duerer.) Ainsi reparait, comme dans l'ancien culte, cette
grande divinite, appelee tour-a-tour Maia, Bhawani, Isis, Ceres,
Proserpine, Persephone. Reine du ciel, elle est la nuit d'ou sort la
vie, et ou toute vie se replonge; mysterieuse reunion de la vie et de
la mort. Elle s'appelle aussi la rosee, et dans les mythes allemands,
la rosee est consideree comme le principe qui reproduit et redonne la
vie. Elle n'est pas seulement la nuit, mais comme mere du soleil, elle
est aussi l'aurore devant qui les planetes brillent et s'empressent,
comme pour Persephone. Lorsqu'elle signifie la terre, comme Ceres, elle
est representee avec la gerbe de ble; elle est Persephone, la graine de
semence; comme cette deesse, elle a sa faucille: c'est la demi-lune qui
repose sous ses pieds. Enfin, comme la deesse d'Ephese, la triste Ceres
et Proserpine, elle est belle et brillante, et cependant sombre et
noire, selon l'expression du Cantique des Cantiques: 'Je suis noir,
mais pleine de charmes, le soleil m'a brulee' (le Christ). Encore
aujourd'hui, l'image de la mere de Dieu est noire a Naples, comme a
Einsiedeln en Suisse. Elle unit ainsi le jour et la nuit, la joie avec
la tristesse, le soleil et la lune (chaleur, humidite), le terrestre et
le celeste."
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