Bay State Monthly, Vol. I, No. 3, March, 1884 by Various

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[Illustration: NORTHERN RAILROAD STATION.]

The First Congregational Church was organized June 6, 1826. The church
edifice was built, in 1827, on land given by the Locks and Canals
Company. The Reverend George C. Beckwith, the first pastor, was ordained
July 18, 1827, and dismissed March 18, 1829. The Reverend Amos
Blanchard, D.D., was ordained December 5, 1829, and dismissed May 21,
1845, when he became pastor of the Kirk-street Church. The Reverend
Willard Child was installed pastor, October 1, 1845, and dismissed
January 31, 1855. The Reverend J.L. Jenkins was ordained October, 17,
1855, and dismissed in April, 1862. The Reverend George N. Webber was
installed in October, 1862, and dismissed April 1, 1867. The Reverend
Horace James was installed October 31, 1867, and dismissed December 13,
1870. The Reverend Smith Baker was installed September 13, 1871.

[Illustration: BLOCK AT CORNER OF CENTRAL AND MIDDLE STREETS, 1848.]

The Hurd-street Methodist Episcopal Church dates from 1826; the church
edifice was built in 1839. The Reverend Benjamin Griffin was pastor in
1826; the Reverend A.D. Merrill, in 1827; the Reverend B.F. Limbert, in
1828; the Reverend A.D. Sargent, in 1829; the Reverend E.K. Avery, in
1830 and 1831; the Reverend George Pickering, in 1832; the Rev. A.D.
Merrill, in 1833 and 1834; the Reverend Ira M. Bidwell, in 1835; the
Reverend Orange Scott, in 1836; the Reverend E.M. Stickney, in 1837 and
1838; the Reverend Orange Scott, in 1839 and 1840; the Reverend Schuyler
Hoes, in 1841 and 1842; the Reverend W.H. Hatch, in 1843 and 1844; the
Reverend Abel Stevens, in 1845; the Reverend C.K. True, in 1846 and
1847; the Reverend A.A. Willets, in 1848; the Reverend John H. Twombly,
in 1849 and 1850; the Reverend G.F. Cox, in 1851 and 1852; the Reverend
L.D. Barrows, in 1853 and 1854; the Reverend D.E. Chapin, in 1855; the
Reverend George M. Steele, in 1856 and 1857; the Reverend H.M. Loud, in
1858 and 1859; the Reverend William R. Clark, in 1860 and 1861; the
Reverend Daniel Dorchester, in 1862 and 1863; the Reverend Samuel F.
Upham, in 1864, 1865, and 1866 (during the year 1865 he was chaplain of
the Massachusetts House of Representatives); the Reverend S.F. Jones,
in 1867. The church is known as St. Paul's, and the Reverend Hiram D.
Weston is the present pastor.

[Illustration: COUNTY COURT HOUSE, GORHAM STREET, 1860.]

[Illustration: LOWELL SKATING RINK, GORHAM STREET.]

The First Universalist Church was organized in July, 1827. The following
year they built their church on Chapel Street, but removed it in 1837
to Central Street. The Reverend Eliphalet Case was pastor from 1828 to
1830; the Reverend Calvin Gardner, from 1830 to 1833; the Reverend
Thomas B. Thayer, from 1833 to 1845; the Reverend E.G. Brooks, in 1845;
the Reverend Uriah Clark, from 1846 to 1850; the Reverend Thomas B.
Thayer, from 1851 to October, 1857; the Reverend J.J. Twiss, from 1859
to January 1, 1872; the Reverend G.T. Flanders was settled in 1872; the
Reverend George W. Bicknell was settled December 21, 1880.

The South Congregational (Unitarian) Church was organized November 7,
1830, and the edifice was dedicated December 25, 1832. The Reverend
William Barry was pastor from 1830 to 1835; the Reverend Henry A. Mills,
D.D., from 1836 to 1853; the Reverend Theodore Tibbetts, in 1855 and
1856; the Reverend Frederick Hinckley, from 1856 to 1864; the Reverend
Charles Grinnell was settled February 19, 1867; the Reverend Henry
Blanchard was ordained January 19, 1871; the Reverend Josiah Lafayette
Seward was ordained December 31, 1874.

[Illustration: DANIEL LOVEJOY AND SON'S MACHINE KNIFE WORKS.]

The Appleton-street (Orthodox) Congregational Church was organized
December 2, 1830; their edifice was built the following year. The
Reverend William Twining was pastor from 1831 to 1835; A.C. Burnap,
from 1837 to 1852; the Reverend George Darling, from 1852 to 1855; the
Reverend John P. Cleaveland, D.D., from 1855 to 1862, when he became
chaplain of the Thirtieth Massachusetts Regiment in the Department of
the Gulf; the Reverend J.E. Rankin, from 1863 to 1865; the Reverend A.P.
Foster, was settled October 3, 1866, resigned October 17, 1868; the
Reverend J.M. Green was installed July 30, 1870.

The Worthen-street Baptist Church was organized in 1831. The edifice
known as St. Mary's Church was built for this society. Their present
edifice was built in 1838. The Reverend James Barnaby was pastor from
1832 to 1835; the Reverend Lemuel Porter, from 1835 to 1851; the
Reverend J.W. Smith, from 1851 to 1853; the Reverend D.D. Winn, from
1853 to 1855; the Reverend T.D. Worrall, from 1855 to 1857; the Reverend
J.W. Bonham, from 1857 to 1860; the Reverend George F. Warren, from 1860
to 1867; the Reverend F.R. Morse, from 1867 to 1870; the Reverend D.H.
Miller, D.D., from 1870 to 1873; the Reverend E.A. Lecompte, in 1873.
The present pastor is the Reverend John C. Emery.

[Illustration: HOYT & SHEDD'S BLOCK, MIDDLESEX STREET.]

In 1831, the St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church was erected, but was
replaced in 1854 by the present more spacious edifice. The church was
consecrated October 29, 1854, by Bishop Fitzpatrick, of Boston, and
Bishop O'Riley, of Hartford. The pastors have been the Reverend John
Mahoney, the Reverend Peter Connelly, the Reverend James T. McDermott,
the Reverend Henry J. Tucker, and the Reverend John O'Brien.

In 1833, a free church of the Christian denomination was organized under
the ministry of the Reverend Timothy Cole. The experiment proved a
failure and the building was afterwards converted to the uses of an
armory.

The Freewill Baptist Church was organized in 1834, and in 1837 a
spacious edifice was erected. Through mismanagement the society came to
grief and the building was used for commercial purposes. In 1853, the
society built another edifice on Paige Street. The pastors of this
church have been the Reverend Nathaniel Thurston, the Reverend Jonathan
Woodman, the Reverend Silas Curtis, the Reverend A.K. Moulton, the
Reverend J.B. Davis, the Reverend Darwin Mott, the Reverend George W.
Bean, the Reverend J.B. Drew, the Reverend D.A. Marham, the Reverend
J.E. Dame, and the Reverend E.W. Porter.

[Illustration: CHALIFOUX BLOCK.]

The Second Universalist Church was organized in 1836, and their house
was built the following year. The pastors of this church have been the
Reverend Z. Thompson, from 1837 to 1839; the Reverend Abel C. Thomas,
from 1839 to 1842; the Reverend A.A. Miner, D.D., from 1842 to 1848; the
Reverend L.J. Fletcher; the Reverend L.B. Mason, from 1848 to 1849; the
Reverend I.D. Williamson, from 1849 to 1850; the Reverend N.M. Gaylord,
from 1850 to 1853; the Reverend John S. Dennis; the Reverend Charles
Cravens; the Reverend Charles H. Button; the Reverend L.J. Fletcher,
from 1859 to 1862; the Reverend F.E. Hicks, from 1862 to 1866; the
Reverend John G. Adams, from 1866; the Reverend R.A. Greene, from 1877.

The John-street (Orthodox) Congregational Church was organized May 9,
1839. The house was dedicated January 24, 1840. The Reverend Stedman W.
Hanks, the first pastor, was ordained March 20, 1840, and dismissed
February 3, 1853. He was succeeded by the Reverend Eden B. Foster, D.D.,
who resigned his charge in 1861, but resumed it in 1866. During his
absence the Reverend Joseph W. Backus was pastor. The Reverend J.B.
Seabury was installed as associate pastor in 1875. The present pastor is
the Reverend Henry T. Rose.

[Illustration: FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK.]

In 1840, the Third Baptist Church was organized. In 1846, the edifice,
afterwards occupied by the Central Methodist Church, was built for this
society. The pastors were the Reverend John G. Naylor, the Reverend Ira
Person, the Reverend John Duncan, the Reverend Sereno Howe, the Reverend
John Duer, and the Reverend John Hubbard. The church was disbanded in
1861.

The Worthen-street Methodist Episcopal Church was organized October 2,
1841, and the edifice was erected the following year. The succession of
pastors has been the Reverend A.D. Sargent, the Reverend A.D. Merrill,
the Rev. J.S. Springer, the Reverend Isaac A. Savage, the Reverend
Charles Adams, the Reverend I.J.P. Collyer, the Reverend M.A. Howe, the
Reverend J.W. Dadmun, the Reverend William H. Hatch, the Reverend A.D.
Sargent, the Reverend L.R. Thayer, the Reverend William H. Hatch, the
Reverend J.O. Peck, the Reverend George Whittaker. The present pastor
is the Reverend Nicholas T. Whittaker.

[Illustration: APPLETON BLOCK, CENTRAL STREET.]

The St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church was gathered on Christmas, 1841.
The Reverend James Conway, the first pastor, was succeeded in March,
1847, by the Reverend Peter Crudden. The present rector is the Reverend
M. Ronan, assisted by the Reverends John D. Colbert and Thomas F.
McManus.

In 1843, the Lowell Missionary Society was established. The Reverend
Horatio Wood officiated in the ministry and labored in free evening
schools and Sunday mission schools, successfully.

The Kirk-street Congregational Church was organized in 1845; the edifice
was built in 1846. The Reverend Amos Blanchard was installed the first
pastor and continued to his death, January 14, 1870. He was succeeded by
the Reverend C.D. Barrows. The present pastor is the Reverend Charles A.
Dickinson.

The High-street Congregational Church was organized in 1846. Their
edifice was built by the St. Luke's Episcopal Church, which was formed
in 1842 and was disbanded, in 1844, under the ministration of the
Reverend A.D. McCoy. The Reverend Timothy Atkinson was pastor from 1846
to 1847; the Reverend Joseph H. Towne, from 1848 to 1853; the Reverend
O.T. Lanphier, from 1855 to 1856; the Reverend Owen Street, from
September 17, 1857.

St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church was originally built for the Baptists,
but was purchased in 1846 by the Reverend James T. McDermott, and
consecrated March 7, 1847.

[Illustration: SCENE BELOW HUNT'S FALLS.]

The Third Universalist Church was organized in 1843, and the edifice
known as Barristers' Hall was built for its use. It was disbanded after
a few years. The pastors were the Reverend H.G. Smith, the Reverend John
Moore, the Reverend H.G. Smith, and the Reverend L.J. Fletcher. The
Central Methodist Church occupied the edifice for a time, before they
secured the building of the Third Baptist Society. The Society was
gathered in 1854. The pastors have been the Reverend William S. Studley,
the Reverend Isaac S. Cushman, the Reverend Isaac J.P. Collyer, the
Reverend Chester Field, the Reverend Lorenzo R. Thayer, the Reverend
J.H. Mansfield, the Reverend Andrew McKeown, in 1865 and 1866, the
Reverend William C. High, in 1867. The Reverend Isaac H. Packard is the
present pastor.

[Illustration: FISKE'S BLOCK, CENTRAL STREET.]

In 1850, a Unitarian Society, organized in 1846, built the Gothic Chapel
on Lee Street, and occupied it until 1861, when it passed into the hands
of a society of Spiritualists. The Unitarian pastors were the Reverend
M.A.H. Niles, the Reverend William Barry, the Reverend Augustus
Woodbury, the Reverend J.K. Karcher, the Reverend John B. Willard, and
the Reverend William C. Tenney. It became the property of the St. Joseph
(French) Roman Catholic Church.

On July 5, 1855, the stone church on Merrimack Street was dedicated as a
Methodist Protestant Church. There preached the Reverend William Marks,
the Reverend Richard H. Dorr, and the Reverend Robert Crossley. The
building passed into possession of the Second Advent Society, which had
been organized as early as 1842.

[Illustration: LOWELL MACHINE SHOP.]

St. John's Episcopal Church was erected in 1861, and consecrated by
Bishop Eastburn, July 16, 1863. The Reverend Charles W. Homer was the
first rector. He was succeeded by the Reverend Cornelius B. Smith, in
1863, who, in 1866, was succeeded by the Reverend Charles L. Hutchins.
The present pastor is the Reverend Leander C. Manchester.

There are in Lowell thirty edifices exclusively devoted to public
worship.

[Illustration: EDSON BLOCK MERRIMACK STREET.]

We have followed the course of events which have developed the city of
Lowell from a small, scattering settlement to an important city, with an
area of nearly twelve square miles, occupied by more than sixty thousand
inhabitants. The daily life of its continually changing population has
not been dwelt upon. In the early days the projectors of the city cared
for the religion, the education, and the savings of those whom they
employed. New England farms contributed their fairest children to the
mills. The field was open to the world, and from every section flocked
those seeking honest employment. First in great numbers came the people
from England and Ireland, and, later, the thrifty French, Germans,
Swedes, and Canadians. All nations have contributed to the advancement
of Lowell, each adding of his labor or thought to the improvement of the
city.

Lowell is laid out with a certain irregular regularity. The mills came
first: the business came afterward; and one finds canals, business
blocks, and mills built close together. Only an intelligent study of a
map of the city will give one an idea of its plan. It was not modeled
after the city of Philadelphia.

[Illustration: A PLAN of SUNDRY FARMS &c. PATUCKET in the town of
CHELMSFORD. MDCCCXXI.]

Over seventeen millions of dollars are invested in manufacturing. There
are one hundred and fifty-three mills, over eight hundred thousand
spindles, and twenty thousand looms. The mills give employment to
thirteen thousand female operatives and ten thousand male operatives.
Two hundred million yards of cotton goods are yearly sent from Lowell to
clothe the world. Of woolen goods, more than eight million yards. Nearly
three million yards of carpeting are made in the city every year, and a
fabulous number of shawls. Thirteen million pairs of stockings were the
last year's product. The Southern States contribute yearly thirty-four
thousand tons of cotton, which is here made into the most delicate
fabrics. The calico and printed goods made in Lowell in the year 1882
would twice encircle the earth at the equator--and then all would not be
used to do it.

[Illustration]

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