Bay State Monthly, Vol. I, No. 3, March, 1884 by Various

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In 1834, Belvidere was included in Lowell, and the town had the honor of
entertaining Colonel David Crockett, George Thompson, M.P., the English
abolitionist (not cordially), and M. Chevalier, the French political
economist.

In 1835, Joel Stone, of Lowell, and Joseph P. Simpson, of Boston, built
the steamboat Herald, for navigating between Lowell and Nashua, but the
enterprise proved a failure; the Nashua and Lowell Railroad Company
was incorporated; the Lowell Almshouse was started; the hall of the
Middlesex Mechanics' Association was built; and the Lowell Courier, the
oldest daily newspaper in Middlesex County, was established.

[Illustration: SUFFOLK-STREET ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.]

In 1836, the population of Lowell was 17,633. During the year the Boott
Mills were started, and a city charter was adopted.

[Illustration: THE THIRD UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.
Now Barristers' Hall.]

Dr. Elisha Bartlett was elected first mayor of the city of Lowell. He
was succeeded, in 1838, by the Honorable Luther Lawrence; in 1840, by
the Honorable Elisha Huntington, M.D.; in 1842, by the Honorable
Nathaniel Wright; in 1844, by Dr. Huntington; in 1846, by the Honorable
Jefferson Bancroft; in 1849, by the Honorable Josiah B. French; in 1851,
by the Honorable J.H.B. Ayer; in 1852, by Dr. Huntington; in 1853, by
the Honorable Sewall G. Mack; in 1855, by the Honorable Ambrose
Lawrence; in 1856, by Dr. Huntington; in 1857, by the Honorable Stephen
Mansur, the first Republican mayor; in 1858, by Dr. Huntington, for his
eighth term; in 1859, by the Honorable James Cook; in 1860, by the
Honorable Benjamin C. Sargent; in 1862, by the Honorable Hocum Hosford;
in 1865, by the Honorable Josiah G. Peabody; in 1867, by the Honorable
George F. Richardson; in 1869, by the Honorable Jonathan P. Folsom; in
1871, by the Honorable Edward F. Sherman; in 1872, by the Honorable
Josiah G. Peabody; in 1873, by the Honorable Francis Jewett; in 1876, by
the Honorable Charles A. Stott; in 1878, by the Honorable John A.G.
Richardson; in 1880, by the Honorable Frederic T. Greenhalge; in 1882,
by the Honorable George Runels; in 1883, by the present mayor, the
Honorable John J. Donovan.

The young city met with a serious loss April 11, 1837, in the sudden
death of Kirk Boott.

A county jail was built in 1838, and the Nashua and Lowell Railroad was
opened for travel.

Luther Lawrence was killed, April 17, 1839, by a fall into a wheel-pit.
He was serving his second term as mayor of the city at the time of the
accident. His residence was bought by the corporations and converted
into the Lowell Hospital.

[Illustration: WILLIAM LIVINGSTON.
Born April 12, 1803. Died March 17, 1855.]

In 1840, the Massachusetts Mills were established; and the South Common,
of about twenty acres, and the North Common, of about ten acres, were
laid out. During this year appeared the Lowell Offering, a monthly
journal, edited by Miss Harriet Farley and Miss Hariot Curtiss, two
factory girls. The journal was praised by John G. Whittier, Charles
Dickens, and other gifted writers, for its intrinsic merits.

Lowell is largely indebted to Oliver M. Whipple for its cemetery, which
was consecrated June 20, 1841. It contains about forty-five acres, and
has near the centre a small gothic chapel.

In January, 1842, Charles Dickens made a flying visit to Lowell, and has
left on record in American Notes his impressions of the city.

During this period the court-room of the city was occasionally graced by
the presence of Daniel Webster and Rufus Choate.

The City Library was instituted in 1844.

The Stony Brook Railroad Company was incorporated in 1845.

The Honorable Nathan Crosby was appointed justice of the police court in
1846, and still continues in office. The Lowell and Lawrence Railroad
was incorporated this year, and the population of Lowell numbered
29,127.

[Illustration: SAINT ANNE'S CHURCH, 1840.]

President James K. Polk visited Lowell in 1847; and the city met with
the loss of Patrick Tracy Jackson, a man whose name should be always
honored in Lowell. The great Northern Canal was completed this year by
James B. Francis, the most distinguished hydraulic engineer in the
United States. It was a stupendous work and stands a monument to the
genius of its constructor. Daniel Webster, in company with Abbott
Lawrence, rode along its dry channel, before the water was admitted, and
fully appreciated the immense undertaking.

The Salem and Lowell Railroad was incorporated in 1848, and was opened
for travel two years later.

The reservoir on Lynde's Hill was constructed in 1849.

Gas was introduced, and the Court House on Gorham Street built, in 1850.

In 1851, Centralville, previously a part of Dracut, was included within
the city limits, and the Lowell Reform School was established.

In 1852, George Wellman completed his first working model of his self
top card stripper--one of the most valuable inventions of the present
century; Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot, visited Lowell; and the
Legislature of Massachusetts enacted the first prohibitory liquor law.

The City Hall was reconstructed in 1853. The Lowell Jail was built in
1856. Thomas H. Benton visited Lowell in 1857. Washington Square was
laid out in 1858.

[Illustration: OLIVER M. WHIPPLE.]

During the dark days of the Rebellion, Lowell responded loyally to the
appeal for soldiers and money, and of her young men many of the best
were sacrificed to preserve the Union.

The fall of Fort Sumter produced a profound sensation in Lowell. Four
companies from the city hastened to join their regiment: the Mechanic
Phalanx, under command of Captain Albert S. Follansbee; the City Guards,
Captain James W. Hart; the Watson Light Guard, Captain John F. Noyes,
and the Lawrence Cadets (National Grays), Captain Josiah A. Sawtelle.
They assembled at Huntington Hall, the day after President Lincoln's
call for troops, and were mustered into the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment
under command of Colonel Edward F. Jones. They at once proceeded to
Boston and were joined at Faneuil Hall by the other companies of the
regiment and the next day were on their way to the seat of war. A
detachment of the regiment had to fight their way through a mob in
Baltimore, and four of the Lowell City Guards were the first to lay down
their lives in the great drama of war known as the Rebellion. Addison
O. Whitney and Luther C. Ladd, of Lowell, were the first martyrs; their
last resting-place is commemorated by a monument in a public square of
the city. The regiment arrived at Washington, were quartered in the
Senate Chamber, and formed the nucleus of the rapidly gathering Northern
army. The Hill Cadets, under Captain S. Proctor, and the Richardson
Light Infantry, Captain Phineas A. Davis, were formed the day after the
Baltimore riot. The company known as the Abbott Grays, under Captain
Edward Gardner Abbott, was organized five days later. That called the
Butler Rifles was organized May 1, by Eben James and Thomas O'Hare.

[Illustration: FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, 1860.]

While these active preparations for war were progressing, Judge Crosby
called a public meeting, April 20, at which the Pioneer Soldiers' Aid
Association, the germ of the Sanitary Commission, was formed. The city
government was liberal, too, in its appropriations for the families of
absent soldiers. In September, Camp Chase, a military rendezvous, was
established at Lowell.

[Illustration: KIRK-STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, 1840.]

Among the first, and most distinguished, of the citizens of Lowell to
offer his services to the general government at this crisis, was General
Benjamin F. Butler, already a lawyer and orator of great reputation, who
had previously held high rank in the militia. Six companies from Lowell
joined his expedition to the Gulf.

Early in 1862, the Sixth and Seventh Batteries, mostly Lowell men, were
organized. In response to the President's call in July, 1862, three
companies joined the Thirty-third Regiment. In August, the Sixth
Regiment again entered the field for a campaign of nine months.

[Illustration: FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1840.]

In February, 1863, Lowell sent to the war the Fifteenth Battery, in
command of Captain Timothy Pearson and Lieutenant Albert Rowse. During
this month the ladies of the city raised about five thousand dollars for
the Sanitary Commission by a Soldiers' Fair--the second held in the
Northern States. In July, 1863, the "draft" called for over four hundred
additional soldiers from Lowell; less than thirty were forced into the
service. These were the palmy days for the substitute brokers and
bounty-jumpers. In July, 1864, the Sixth Regiment again responded, and
served one hundred days.

In 1865, came the close of the war and the return of the battle-scarred
veterans. During the long struggle more than five thousand citizens of
Lowell were in the army and navy of the United States, and the city
expended over $300,000 in equipment and bounties.

The Lowell Horse Railroad Company and the First National Bank were
incorporated in 1864. The French-Canadians began to settle in Lowell
just after the war.

[Illustration: ST. PETER'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, 1860.]

In October, 1866, Dr. J.C. Ayer presented the city with the statue of
Victory which stands in Monument Square.

The Old Ladies' Home was dedicated July 10, 1867. St. John's Hospital
was completed and opened in 1868. It occupies the site of the old yellow
house built in 1770 by Timothy Brown. In November of the same year the
first meeting of the Old Residents' Historical Association of Lowell was
held at the store of Joshua Merrill; in December, the city was visited
by General Grant.

In 1869, the city authorities undertook a system of water-supply works
which was completed four years later; the Lowell Hosiery Company was
incorporated in May. The Thorndike Manufacturing Company commenced
operations in June, 1870.

The fire-alarm telegraph was introduced in 1871; in August, trains on
the Lowell and Framingham Railroad commenced running; in November, the
new iron bridge across the Merrimack was finished; during the year, the
city suffered severely from the scourge of small-pox.

The boundaries of Lowell were extended, in 1873, to include Middlesex
Village, taken from Chelmsford, and a part of Dracut and Tewksbury. A
new railroad by the way of Andover connected Lowell with Boston in 1874.

[Illustration: OLD FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH,
Which stood on site of the Boston and Maine Railroad Station.]

The city celebrated the semi-centennial of its incorporation, March 1,
1876.

The Emperor Dom Pedro of Brazil visited the city in June of the same
year.

The Lowell Art Association was formed in May, 1878. In December of that
year the waters of the Merrimack rose nearly eleven feet on Pawtucket
Dam; in the same month the Merrimack Company introduced the electric
light.

[Illustration: JOHN DYNELY PRINCE.
Born in England, 1780. Died January 5, 1860.]

Merrimack Company introduced the electric light.

In August, 1880, Boston and Lowell were connected by telephone.

As one glances over the history of Lowell, he recognizes the fact that
the city has gained its prominence, its wealth, and its population,
chiefly through the great corporations, and the wisdom of their early
managers; accordingly the record of these corporate bodies is intimately
connected with the annals of the city. The reader has noted the fact
that the first impetus was given to the place by the acts of the
Merrimack Manufacturing Company. This company was incorporated February
5, 1822; and the first mill was started the following year. The company
is not only the oldest in the city but is the largest, employing the
most operatives and producing the most cloth; their chimney, two hundred
and eighty-three feet high, is the tallest in the country.

Ezra Worthen, the first superintendent of the mills, died, suddenly,
June 18, 1824, and was succeeded by Warren Colburn, the author of the
popular arithmetic. Mr. Colburn died September 13, 1833, and was
succeeded by John Clark, who held the office until 1848. Mr. Clark was
succeeded by Emory Washburn, afterward Governor of Massachusetts, by
Edward L. Lebreton, and from 1850 to 1865 by Isaac Hinckley, now
president of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad. John
C. Palfrey was superintendent from 1865 to 1874, when Joseph S. Ludlam
was appointed. The print-works were in charge of Kirk Boott in 1822;
after him was Allen Pollock, 1823 to 1826; John D. Prince, 1826 to 1855;
Henry Barrows, 1855 to 1878; James Duckworth, 1878 to 1882; Robert
Latham, since 1882. The treasurers of the company have been Kirk Boott,
Francis C. Lowell, Eben Chadwick, Francis B. Crowinshield, Arthur T.
Lyman, Augustus Lowell, and Charles H. Dalton.

[Illustration: UNITARIAN CHURCH, 1845.]

The property of the company occupies twenty-four acres of land. They
have five mills besides the print-works, 153,552 spindles, 4,465 looms,
and employ 3,300 operatives. They use up 18,000 tons of coal. The prints
made at this establishment, are marked "Merrimack," and are too well
known to require description.

The Hamilton Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1825. The
treasurers have been William Appleton, 1825; Ebenezer Appleton, 1830;
George W. Lyman, 1833; Thomas G. Cary, 1839; William B. Bacon, 1859;
Arthur T. Lyman, 1860; Arthur L. Devens, 1863; Eben Bacon, 1867; Samuel
Batchelder, 1869; George R. Chapman, 1876;

[Illustration: FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, HURD STREET.]

James A. Dupee, since 1870. The agents have been Samuel Batchelder,
1825; John Avery, 1831; O.H. Moulton, since 1864. The superintendents
of print-works have been William Spencer, 1828; William Hunter, 1862;
William Harley, 1866; Thomas Walsh, 1876. The company manufactures
flannels, prints, ticks, stripes, drills, and sheetings.

The Appleton Company was incorporated in 1828. The treasurers have been
William Appleton, 1828; Patrick T. Jackson, 1829; George W. Lyman, 1832;
Thomas G. Cary, 1841; William B. Bacon, 1859; Arthur T. Lyman, 1861;
Arthur L. Devens, 1863; John A. Burnham, 1867; George Motley, 1867;
James A. Dupee, since 1874. The superintendents have been John Avery,
1828; George Motley, 1831; J.H. Sawyer, 1867; Daniel Wright, 1881. The
company manufactures sheetings, drillings, and yarn.

[Illustration: NATHAN CROSBY.
Born in Sandwich, New Hampshire, February 12, 1798.]

The Lowell Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1828. The
treasurers have been Frederick Cabot, 1828; George W. Lyman, 1831;
Nathaniel W. Appleton, 1841; William C. Appleton, 1843; J. Thomas
Stevenson, 1847; Israel Whitney, 1848; Charles L. Harding, 1863; David
B. Jewett, 1865; Samuel Fay, 1874; George C. Richardson, 1880; Arthur T.
Lyman, 1881. The superintendents have been Alexander Wright, 1828;
Samuel Fay, 1852; Andrew F. Swapp, 1874; Albion C. Lyon was appointed
June 1, 1883. The company makes ingrain, Brussels, and Wilton carpets.

[Illustration: FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.]

The Middlesex Company was incorporated in 1830. The treasurers have
been William D. Stone, 1830; Samuel Lawrence, 1840; R.S. Fay, 1857;
George Z. Silsbee, 1882. The agents have been James Cook, 1830; Nelson
Palmer, 1845; Samuel Lawrence, 1846; O.H. Perry, 1848; William T. Mann,
1851; Josiah Humphrey, 1852; James Cook, 1858; O.H. Perry, 1858;
G.V. Fox, 1869; William C. Avery, 1874; O.H. Perry, from June, 1882.
O. Saunderson, superintendent. The company makes indigo blue coatings,
cassimeres, police, yacht, and cadet cloth, ladies' sackings, beavers,
and shawls.

The Suffolk Manufacturing Company was incorporated January 17, 1831. The
proprietors of the Tremont Mills were incorporated March 19, 1831. The
two were consolidated in 1871. The treasurers of Suffolk Manufacturing
Company were John W. Boott, 1831; Henry Hall, 1832; Henry V. Ward, 1857;
Walter Hastings, 1865; William A. Burke, 1868; James C. Ayer, 1870. The
treasurers of the proprietors of the Tremont Mills were William
Appleton, 1831; Henry Hall, 1832; Henry V. Ward, 1857; Walter Hastings,
1865; William A. Burke, 1868; James C. Ayer, 1870. The treasurers of
Tremont and Suffolk Mills have been James C. Ayer, 1871; John C.
Birdseye, 1872. The agents of Suffolk Manufacturing Company were Robert
Means, 1831; John Wright, 1842; Thomas S. Shaw, 1868.

[Illustration: WORTHEN-STREET METHODIST CHURCH.]

The agents of the proprietors of the Tremont Mills were Israel Whitney,
1831; John Aiken, 1834; Charles L. Tilden, 1837; Charles F. Battles,
1858; Thomas S. Shaw, 1870. The agent of Tremont and Suffolk Mills is
Thomas S. Shaw, appointed August 19, 1871. These mills make jeans,
cotton flannels, drillings, sheetings, shirtings and print cloth.

The Lawrence Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1831. The
treasurers have been William Appleton, 1831; Henry Hall, 1832; Henry V.
Ward, 1857; T. Jefferson Coolidge, 1868; Lucius M. Sargent, 1880. The
agents have been William Austin, 1830; John Aiken, 1837; William S.
Southworth, 1849; William F. Salmon, 1865; Daniel Hussey, 1869; John
Kilburn, 1878. The company makes shirtings, sheetings, cotton flannels,
and cotton and merino hosiery.

[Illustration: GEORGE WELLMAN.
Born in Boston, March 16, 1810. Died April 4, 1864.]

The Boott Cotton Mills were incorporated in 1835. The treasurers have
been John Amory Lowell, 1835; J. Pickering Putnam, 1848; T. Jefferson
Coolidge, 1858; Richard D. Rogers, 1865; Augustus Lowell, 1875. The
agents have been Benjamin F. French, 1836; Linus Child, 1845; William A.
Burke, 1862; Alexander G. Cumnock, 1868. The company makes sheetings,
shirtings, and printing cloth.

The Massachusetts Cotton Mills were incorporated in 1838. The treasurers
have been John Amory Lowell, 1839; Homer Bartlett, 1848; George
Atkinson, 1872. The agents have been Homer Bartlett, 1840; Joseph White,
1848; Frank F. Battles, 1856. The mills turn out sheetings, shirtings,
and drillings.

[Illustration: LEE-STREET UNITARIAN CHURCH.
Now French Catholic. Enlarged and rebuilt.]

The Lowell Machine Shop was incorporated in 1845. The treasurers have
been J. Thomas Stevenson, 1845; William A. Burke, from 1876. The agents
have been William A. Burke, 1845; Mertoun C. Bryant, 1862; Andrew Moody,
1862; George Richardson, 1870; Charles L. Hildreth, 1879. The company
makes all kinds of machinery for mills.

The Proprietors of Locks and Canals on Merrimack River were incorporated
in 1792. The treasurers have been Joseph Cutler, 1792; W.W. Prout,
1804; Samuel Cutler, 1809; Samuel Tenney, 1817; Kirk Boott, 1822; Joseph
Tilden, 1837; P.T. Jackson, 1838; John T. Morse, 1845. The agents have
been Kirk Boott, 1822; Joseph Tilden, 1837; William Boott, 1838; James
B. Francis, 1845, to present date.

[Illustration: PRESCOTT-STREET CHURCH.]

The Winnipiseogee Lake Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Company was
incorporated in 1831. The presidents were Abbott Lawrence, from August,
1846, to July, 1850; Henry Hall, to June, 1856; Francis B. Crowinshield,
to August, 1857; John Amory Lowell, to June, 1864; J. Thomas Stevenson,
to June, 1877; Richard S. Fay, until his decease, March 7, 1882. The
treasurers were James Bell, from 1845 until his decease, in May, 1857;
Francis B. Crowinshield, to October, 1861; J. Thomas Stevenson, to June,
1864; Homer Bartlett, to June, 1872; Charles S. Storrow, to June, 1878;
James A. Dupee, to June, 1882. Directors, 1883: Charles Storrow,
president; James A. Dupee, Augustus Lowell, Howard Stockton, George
Atkinson. Clerk of corporation, Augustus T. Owen; treasurer, George
Atkinson; agent, T.P. Hutchinson. The company guards the storage of
water at Lake Winnipiseogee.

[Illustration: LOWELL MACHINE SHOP About 1860.]

[Illustration: APPLETON MILLS. 1845.]

Nor would a sketch of Lowell be complete without mention of the firm of
J.C. Ayer and Company. Dr. J.C. Ayer started the business in 1837, when
he offered to physicians the prescription of cherry pectoral. It soon
became a very popular remedy, and he was soon embarked in the enterprise
of manufacturing it. Liter he added to the list of his proprietary
medicines cathartic pills, sarsaparilla, ague cure, and hair vigor. He
died July 3, 1878, after having accumulated a princely fortune. His
brother, and partner, Frederick Ayer, conducts the business. The firm
occupy several large buildings and employ three hundred people. The
world demands fifteen tons of Ayer's pills yearly. They publish thirteen
million almanacs, in ten languages, issuing twenty-six editions for
different localities, keeping several large presses constantly at work.

[Illustration: HIGH-STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.]

C.J. Hood and Company also make sarsaparilla and other proprietary
medicines. They employ seventy-five operatives.

E.W. Hoyt and Company employ twenty hands, and make two million bottles
of German cologne.

There are numerous other manufactories in the city, of more or less
extent. Their products consist of porus and adhesive plasters, lung
protectors, sulphuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids, and other
chemicals and dye-stuffs, belting, paper stock, yarns, shoulder-braces,
suspenders, shoe-linings, elastic webbing, sackings, rugs, mats, gauze
undergarments, looms, harnesses, felting, hose, bunting, seamless flags,
awning stripes, reeds, braid, cord, chalk-lines, picture cords, twines,
belts, fire hose, leather, bolts, nuts, screws, washers, boilers,
tanks, kettles, presses, fire-escapes, water-wheels, wire-heddles,
card-clothing, wood-working and knitting machinery, cartridges,
chimney-caps, stamps, tools, lathes, files, wire-cloth, scales, steel
wire, paper boxes, music stands, mouldings, carriages, sleighs,
shuttles, doors, sashes, blinds, furniture, asbestos covering, blotters,
crayons, drain-pipe, glue, lamp-black, machine brushes, matches, croquet
sets.

[Illustration: MERRIMAC HOUSE.
Built in 1833, rebuilt in 1873. Henry Emery proprietor since 1845.]

Proper attention has always been paid to education in Lowell, In 1822,
there were two schoolhouses within the territory, one near the pound,
the other near the stone house at Pawtucket Falls. The Merrimack Company
soon after its organization built a schoolhouse on Merrimack Street and
paid the teacher. The Reverend Theodore Edson had charge of the school.
Joel Lewis was the first male teacher. Alfred V. Bassett was the second.
In 1829, the school had one hundred and sixty-five pupils. In 1834, the
school was divided. The High School building on Kirk Street was erected
in 1840, and remodeled in 1867. Charles C. Chase was teacher from 1845
to 1883. He was succeeded by Frank F. Coburn, the present teacher.

[Illustration: SOLON A. PERKINS.
Born in Lancaster, N.H., December 6, 1836. Killed in Louisiana,
June 3, 1863.]

After the log chapel presided over by the Indian Samuel had fallen into
decay, a century and a half passed before another place of worship was
erected within the limits of Lowell. In December, 1822, a committee was
appointed by the Merrimack Corporation to build a suitable church, and
in April, 1824, the sum of nine thousand dollars was appropriated for
the purpose. The church was organized February 24, 1824, as "The
Merrimack Religious Society," and the Episcopal form of worship was
adopted. The first religious services were conducted by the Reverend
Theodore Edson, on Sunday, March 7, 1824, in the schoolhouse. The church
edifice is known as St. Anne's, and was consecrated by Bishop Griswold,
March 16, 1825. The Reverend Dr. Edson was the first rector. After a
pastorate of over half a century, he died in 1883. In the tower of St.
Anne's is a chime of eleven bells, mounted in 1857, and weighing five
tons.

[Illustration: Bvt. Brig. Gen. HENRY LIVERMORE ABBOTT.
Born in Lowell, January 21, 1842. Killed in battle of the
Wilderness, May 6, 1864.]

[Illustration: Major EDWARD GARDNER ABBOTT.
Born in Lowell, September 29, 1840. Killed at the battle
of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862.]

The First Baptist Church was organized February 8, 1826. The church
edifice, built the same year, occupied land given to the society by
Thomas Hurd. It was dedicated November 15, 1826, when the Reverend John
Cookson was installed as pastor. He was dismissed August 5, 1827, and
was succeeded, June 4, 1828, by the Reverend Enoch N. Freeman, who died
September 22, 1835. The Reverend Joseph W. Eaton was ordained pastor,
February 24, 1836, and dismissed February 1, 1837. The Reverend Joseph
Ballard was installed December 25, 1837, and dismissed September 1,
1845. The Reverend Daniel C. Eddy was ordained January 29, 1846, was
speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1855, was
chaplain of the Senate in 1856, and was dismissed at the close of 1856.
The Reverend William H. Alden was installed June 14, 1857, and dismissed
in April, 1864. The Reverend William E. Stanton was ordained November 2,
1865, and resigned June 30, 1870; the Reverend Norman C. Mallory was
settled September 14, 1870, and resigned June 30, 1874; the Reverend
Orson E. Mallory was settled March 24, 1875, resigned February 28, 1878;
the Reverend Thomas M. Colwell was settled May 4, 1878.

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