India, Old and New by Sir Valentine Chirol
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Sir Valentine Chirol >> India, Old and New
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Ganj Bakhsh, tomb of, 54
Garnath pillar, 30
"Gate of Victory" inscription, 59
Gaur, 50
George V., King-Emperor:
in India (as Prince of Wales), 115-17, 125;
(as King), 4, 128-9
message of (1920), 1, 162-3, 228, 303
Ghijas-ud-Din, 52
Ghose, Mr. Arabindo, 203
Ghridrakuta mountain, 26
Ghulam Kadir, 62
Ghuri dynasty, 51-3
Gokhale, Mr., 98, 118, 120, 134, 146, 168, 235;
Gandhi and, 169, 297
Gol Kumbaz, the, 55
Golconda, 50
Gordhays, Mr., 252
Gour, Dr., 237
Government House, Calcutta, 7
Government of India Act, 1919, 162-3, 164, 203, 233, 235
Governor-General, post of, 71, 72, 73, 86
Great War, the:
Gandhi and, 169, 170
India's part in, 138, 139-41, 147, 262, 264, 282
Western civilisation discredited by, 305, 310
Gujerat, Indian culture in, 53
Gupta dynasty, 37-8, 43
Hailey, Mr., 232, 233-4, 268
Hamilton, Lord George, 249
Hardinge, Lady, 129, 130
Hardinge of Penshurst, Lord, 128, 129-30, 141, 142, 143;
and Indians in South Africa, 142, 168, 281
Harsha, King, 39-41
_Hartal_ proclaimed, 4, 6, 12, 173
Hastings, Lord, 75
Hastings, Warren, 71, 72-3, 74, 78
Hathi Singh, temple of, 53
Hellenic influence in India, 33-4
Hemu, 57
Hindola Mahal, the, 52
Hindu architecture, 54, 55-6
Hindu family system, 20-21
Hinduism, 5, 13-14, 16-25, 35, 60, 95-6, 220
Buddhism and, 31, 34-5
enduring power of, 5, 13-14, 32, 42-3, 45, 63-5
Gandhi and, 5, 13-14, 169, 190
Mahomedan domination and, 5, 14, 45, 63-5, 220
reform movements in, 80
scriptures and doctrines of, 16-25
social system of, 8-9, 23, 42-5, 64, 107, 215-20
Western education and, 84-5
Hindus:
Akbar and, 58, 59, 60, 61
Mahomedans and, _see_ Mahomedans
as revolutionaries, 119, 122
_History of the War of Independence of 1857_ (Savarkar), 85
Hiuen-Tsang, 26, 33, 39, 40
Holland, Sir Thomas, 148, 248
Home Rule for India, 145, 147, 148, 150
Horse sacrifice, see _Asvamedha_
Humayun, Emperor, 56
Hume, Mr., 93
Huns, invasion of, 38
Hunter, Lord, 179
Hunter Committee, 179, 181-2, 183
Hushang Ghuri, 51-2
Ilbert Bill, the, 91
Imperial Conference, Indian citizenship question in, 284-5
Imperial Legislative Council, 145, 147
Imperial War Conference, Indian representatives at, 141, 282
Indentured emigration stopped, 148, 283
India:
Dominion self-government for, 76-7, 79, 143, 149, 163-4, 301-2
economics of, _see_ Economic factors
and Great War, 138, 139-41, 147, 262-3, 264, 282
partnership of, in Empire, 142, 143, 164, 306-10
population of, 88
trade of, 88, 246-7, 262-4
Indian administration, Indian share in, 12-13, 86, 89, 97, 101-10,
132-5, 163-4
Indian Army, 68, 85, 89, 139;
in Flanders, 139, 141
expenditure on, 230-32, 262, 275-7
Indians in, 89-90
territorial, 276, 277
Indian Civil Service, position of Indians in, 97, 102, 134, 163, 302
Indian co-operation, _see_ Co-operation
Indian Councils Act (1892), 93-4, 118;
(1909), 127-8, 130-31, 137, 157
Indian education, 75, 78-82, 89
Commission on, 148
Curzon conference on, 120
defects of, 97-8, 119-20
Montagu-Chelmsford Report on, 152-3
Indian finance, 230-34, 268
currency and exchange, 262, 263-7
Indian fiscal policy, 88, 234, 246-7, 268-9
Indian industries, 88, 246-56, 269
Indian Legislative Assembly, 2, 155, 225-6;
first session, 227-237, 302
Royal Message to, 228, 303
Indian Local Government Act (1888), 93
Indian National Congress, 92, 95-96, 108;
Surat, 118, 135;
Bombay, 140, 145, 146, 160;
Lucknow, 147;
Nagpur, 190-191, 215, 240, 287
All-India Moslem League and, 138, 173
Amritsar Commission of, 183-4
Extremists capture, 145-7, 150
Mahomedans and, 92-3, 109, 135, 173
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms and, 150, 160
Sinha at, 140, 146
Indian Nationalism, 35, 111-13
Indian representation not actual control, 132-4
_Indian Sociologist_, the, 122
Indian taxation, 87, 232-4, 295-6
Indian War Loan, 141, 147, 262, 264
Indians:
in administration, _see_ Indian administration
Crown Colonies and, 277, 282-5, 306-8
Europeans and, relations between, 98-101, 204-8
in industry, 8, 253-6
self-governing Dominions and, 142, 144, 166-9, 170-71, 211, 277-85,
306-10
travelling, 256-9
Indo-Mahomedan architecture, 54-5
Indraprasthra (Indrapat), 2
Industrial development of India, 88, 247-56, 269
Infant widowhood, 9, 21, 107
Iron and steel industry, 247-56
Iron Pillar, 2, 3
Irrigation, 87
Islington, Lord, 134
Islington Commission, 134
Jaganath, temple of, 64, 256
Jahaz Mahal, the, 52
Jaina school of architecture, 53, 54
Jainism, 27, 43, 53
Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 177-9, 211.
_See_ Amritsar
Jamsheedpur, 248, 249-56
Japanese victories and Indian opinion, 112, 305
Jehanghir, Emperor, 59, 60
Jhansi elections, 202
Jinna, Mr., 191
Jodh Bai palace, 58
Jones, Sir William, 23
Kaikobad, 48
Kali, 9-12;
temple at Calcutta, 119
Kali-Kata, 10
Kalidasa, 37, 38
Kanishka, 32, 33
Karma doctrine, 19, 20-21
Kauravas, 2
Kayastha caste, 122
Kenia, position of Indians in, 283-4
Khalifate of Islam, the, 136, 173-4
Khalsa College, 210
_Khilafat_ movement, 174, 175, 204, 208, 240, 291;
rising, 297 _n._
Khilji dynasty, 48
Kitchener, Lord, 115, 128
Krishna cult, 63
Krishnavarma, Mr., 122
Kshatrya caste, 23
Kushan kingdom, 33-4
Kutub-ed-Din, 3, 47
Kutub Minar, the, 2, 47
_Kuwwet-el-Islam_ Mosque, 3, 47
Labour and Industry department, 274
Labour Bureau, 273
Labour problems and unrest, 269-275
Lady Hardinge's School of Medicine, 130
Lahore, 208, 210-11
Lake, Lord, 4, 62
Lal, Mr. Harkishen, 209
Land revenue questions, 199-201
Land-tax, 87, 199-200, 295-6
Languages, rivalry of, 37-8
Lansdowne, Lord, 93, 95, 113, 236
Lawyers, Indian, 8, 108-9, 202
_Letters to the People of India_ (Curtis), 157
Lloyd, Sir George, 271, 272-3
Lodi dynasty, 49, 56
Lord North's Act, 71
Lucknow Congress, 147
Lyall, Sir Alfred, 45
Lytton, Lord, 91
Macaulay's Minute, 79, 81
Macdonald, Mr. Ramsay, 134
MacLagan, Sir Edward, 209
Madras, mills in, 271
Madras Presidency, 69, 71;
elections in, 219, 222-4
Magadha, kingdom of, 16
Mahabharata, the, 2, 25, 35
Maha-Kal temple, 36-7
Mahars, 216-19
Mahavira, 27
Mahmud Bigarah, 55
Mahmud of Ghazni, 3, 46
Mahmud Khilji, 52
Mahomed Tughluk, 48, 49
Mahomedan art and architecture, 50, 54, 55
Mahomedan College, Aligurh, 135-136
Mahomedan conquest and domination, 3, 5, 42, 46-9, 62, 220
Mahomedan kingdoms, 49-50
Mahomedanism, 64, 65
Mahomedans, 109, 197
community representation of, 127, 137, 157, 193, 211
Congress and attitude of, 92-3, 109, 135, 173
Hindus and:
antagonism between, 64, 65, 135, 188-9, 288-293;
mingling of, 5, 50-51, 173, 174-5, 176
Partition and, 114, 136, 137
Turkey, position of, and, 137-8, 140, 173-4, 189, 190, 292
Mahrattas, 4, 5, 61, 62, 113, 214
Maidan, the, Calcutta, 7
Maine, Sir Henry, 237
Malabar Hill, Bombay, 6
Malegaon riots, 291
Mandu, 50, 51-3
Manu, code of, 22, 23-4, 38
Marriage, Hindu laws and, 9, 237
Mary, Queen, visits India:
(as Princess of Wales), 115, 116, 125;
(as Queen), 128-9
Maurya dynasty, 28-32, 43
Maya, 19
Megasthenes, 28, 29
Mehta, Sir Pherozeshah, 92, 93, 118, 120, 146
Mesopotamian Report, 149
Mihiragula, 38
Mimansa system, 19-20
Mining development in India, 88, 249-56
Minto, Lord, 117, 126, 128, 130, 136-7.
_See_ Morley-Minto reforms
Miriam-uz-Zemani, 59
Mitter, Mr. B.L., 160-61
Moderate party, 118, 135, 150, 160
election successes of, 196
Extremist breach with, 118, 135, 160-61
_Modern Religious Movements in India_ (Farquhar), 95 _n._, 121
Moghul Empire, 3, 4, 5, 56, 57;
fall of, 61-2, 67, 72
Montagu, Rt. Hon. E.S., 149, 150-51, 159, 161, 184;
exchange operations of, 264-7
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms and Report, 149-50, 151-9, 161, 203, 246
Act passed, 162-3, 203
reception of, 159-62
Moplah rising, 297 _n._
Morley, Lord, 117, 125-7, 131, 132, 227
Morley-Minto reforms, 126, 127, 130-34, 142, 145
Munro, Sir Thomas, minute by, 76-7, 235
Murders, political, 119, 120, 121, 122
Mutiny of 1857, the, 83, 84-7, 99, 101, 124
Nadir Shah, 61
Nagpur Congress, 190-91, 215, 240, 287
Nair, Dr., 223
Nankhanda Saheb massacre, 212-213
Naoroji, Dadabhai, 92, 94
Natal and Indian settlers, 166, 167, 278, 279
Nationalism:
European, 111;
Indian, 35, 111-13
Native States, 68
administration of, 239-41, 243
constitutional reforms and, 158, 241
Nellore incidents, 289-90
_New India_, 147
Nivedita, Sister, 95
Nizam of Hyderabad, 240, 243
Non-Brahmans, increasing influence of, 223-4
"Non-co-operation" movement, 4, 13, 165, 185-6, 191-2, 197, 267, 286
election campaign, _see_ Elections
present dangers from, 287-8, 293-8
Non-payment of taxes, 295-6
North-West Frontier Province, _Khilafat_ movement in, 208
O'Dwyer, Sir Michael, 179, 182, 184
Oudh, annexation of, 81
Pal, Bepin Chandra, 112
Pandavas, 2, 4
Panipat, battles of, 56, 57, 62
Paranjpe, Professor, 196
Parliamentary apathy on Indian questions, 109-10, 158
Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry suggested, 159
Partition of Bengal, 103, 114, 117, 125, 129;
agitation against, 110, 114-15, 118-20;
revised, 129, 137
Mahomedans and, 114, 136, 137
Pataliputra, 27, 28-9, 31
Pathan massacre of Sikhs, 212-13
Patna riots, 288-9
Perin, Mr. C. Page, 249
Permanent settlement, the, 199-200
Pitt's Act, 72, 73
Plassey, battle of, 68, 85
Polak, Mr. H.S.L., 166
Population of India, 88
Portuguese in India, 62
Prayaga, 39
Presidents, East India Company, 69, 71
Press, "Non-co-operation," 287
Press restrictions, 91, 93, 126
Prirthana Somaj, 95
Prithvi Raja, 3, 42, 47
Provincial Governments, 131, 133, 155-6, 237-8
Provincial Legislative Councils, 94, 131, 132, 237-9
Provincial representative government, 154, 155-8
Public services, position of Indians in, 12-13, 86, 89, 97, 101-10,
132-5, 163-4
Public Services Commission, 134-5
Punjab, the:
elections in, 208-9
outbreak in, and repressive measures, 173, 175, 176, 177-185, 228-30,
282, 294, 296
Purana Kilat, 2
Puri, pilgrimages to, 256
Purushpura, 32;
_stupa_, 33-4
Pushyamitra Sunga, 32
Queen Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta, 7
Racial equality, necessity of, 306-310
Rahu, Mr., 206
Railway Board, 261
Railways, Indian:
1857-1905, 87;
present condition, 256-262
Raja Bikram, 3, 37, 38
Raja Birbal, 59
Rajagriha, 25-6
_Rajasuya_ rite, 32
Rajput princes, 242
Rajput states, 41-2, 57, 61
Rakhina, Sultana, 58
Ramayana, the, 35
Ranade, Mr., 92, 96
Ranee Sepree mosque, 55
Rawlinson, Lord, 229, 231
Reading, Lord, 301, 302;
Gandhi's interview with, 165, 287-8
Reay, Lord, 93
_Recollections_ (Morley), 125
Representative institutions inaugurated, 1-2, 4, 228, 243
"Reserved subjects," 156, 157, 238
Ripon, Lord, 91, 93
River-confluences, worship of, 39-40
Robertson, Sir Benjamin, 248
Ronaldshay, Lord, 134, 207-8
Rowlatt, Mr. Justice, 171
Rowlatt Acts, 171-3
Roy, Ram Mohun, 80
Royalty, Indian attitude to, 128, 129, 303
Rup Mati, 53
Rupee, stabilisation of the, 264-6
Russian anarchism and Indian, 123
Russian menace to India, 89
Sadler, Sir Thomas, 148
Sakti worship, 63
Samadragupta, 37
Sankhya Darshana, the, 19, 27
Sanskrit, 18, 37-8
Sastri, Mr. Srinivasa, 196, 236, 284-5
Sasunaga dynasty, 16
_Sati_, practice of, 36, 60, 64, 80
_Satyagraha_, 172-3, 174, 176
Sawarkar, Vinayak, 85
Secretary of State for India, 73, 86, 126-7, 131
Council of, Indians on, 126, 127, 163
exchange operations of, 263, 264-7
Sedition Committee, 122, 171
Self-governing Dominions, treatment of Indians by, 142, 144, 166-9,
170-71, 211, 277-85, 306-10
Self-government, Indian, 76-7, 79, 145, 147, 148, 150, 163-4, 301-2
Sen, Keshab Chundra, 95
Senart, M., 44
"Servants of India" Society, 146, 196, 235-6
Seyyid Ahmed Khan, Sir, 135-6
Seyyid dynasty, 49
Shah Alam II., 62
Sher Shah, 56, 57
Shiva, cult of, 34, 40, 41, 63;
and Uma, 36
Shivaji, 5, 61, 113
Shudra caste, 23
Sidi Dervish, 48
Sikh confederacy defeated, 81
Sikhism, reforms in, 210-12
Sikhs, 210-12;
massacred by Pathans, 212
Canada and, 282
Sinha, Lord (formerly Sir Satyendra), 8, 127, 140, 141, 146
Slave dynasty, 47-8
Smriti, 22
Smuts, General, 168, 279
Sonthals, the, 250, 254
South Africa, Union of, and Indian grievances, 142, 166-8, 169, 170-71,
278-82, 285
South African War, Indians and, 112, 167
Southern India, elections in, 214, 219, 222-6
Spooner, Dr., 34
Steel and iron industry, 247-56
Strikes, 269-71, 272, 273
Students, unrest among, 119-20, 122, 128, 286
Sultan of Turkey and Khalifate of Islam, 136, 173-4
Surat Congress, 118, 135
_Swadeshi_ movement, 12, 113, 119, 203, 247, 269, 294-5
_Swaraj_, 110, 119, 188-9, 191
Gandhi's conception of, 170, 186-8, 192
Royal Message and, 1, 4
Sydenham, Lord, 249-50
Tagore, Rabindranath, 254, 286
Tantras, the, 63
Tata, Jamsheedji, 249
Tata, Sir Dorab, 249
Tata Company, the, 248, 249-256
Taxation problems, 87, 232-4;
non-payment movement, 295-296
Telang, Mr., 92, 96
Telegraph system, Indian, 1857-1905, 87
Temple, Mr., 252
Thanesvar, battle of, 47
Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 95-6, 118, 139, 146, 147, 159, 161, 237, 295
Gandhi and, 189
imprisonment of, 113, 128
Timur, invasion of, 3, 49, 56
Tirupati, 220-21
Trade, Indian, 88, 246-7, 262-4
Trades Unions in India, 272, 275
"Transferred subjects," 156, 157, 238
Transvaal and Indian settlers, 166-7, 168, 279, 281
Tughluk dynasty, 48-9
Turkey, war with, and Indian Mahomedans, 137-8, 140, 173-174, 189,
190, 292
Turkish Nationalism, 137, 138
Ujjain, 29, 35-7
United Provinces:
agrarian questions in, 196, 197, 201
"Non-co-operation" campaign in, 196, 202, 292, 293
Universities, Indian, 82, 197
Universities Act of 1904, 120
"Untouchables," 216-19, 221
Upanishads, the, 16
Vaishya caste, 23
Vedantic system, 19, 27
Vedas, the, 16-17, 18
Viceroy, 86
Executive Council of, Indians on, 94, 102, 126, 127, 235
Legislative Council of, 132
Victoria, Queen-Empress, 4;
proclamation by, 86-7, 89
Vijianagar, 55, 220
Vikramadytia, King, 2, 3, 37, 38
Vincent, Sir William, 229
Vishnu cult, 63
Vivekananda, Swami, 95
Wales, Prince of, Indian visit of:
(Edward VII.), 115;
(George V.), 115-17, 125;
(present), 303
Wellesley, Marquess, 7
Western civilisation:
Gandhi and, 14, 169, 304, 306
Great War discredits, 305-6, 310
Western education, 8, 79-80, 97-8, 135-6
Brahman monopoly of, 222-3
Hinduism and, 84-5
implications of, 152-3, 299-300
Western-educated classes, 4, 124
co-operation by, 139, 202, 303-4
Curzon and, 100, 114
grievances of, 89-91, 97, 98-110, 134-5
Montagu-Chelmsford Report on, 152-3
social reform not attempted by, 107-8
unrest among, 111-15, 123-4
White Huns, the, 38
Whyte, Mr. A.F., 227-8
Widows, _see_ Infant widowhood
Willingdon, Lord, 224
Women, Indian, position of, 8, 21, 64-5, 82, 236
Wood, Sir Charles, 81
Yoga system, 19
_Young India_, 192
Y.M.C.A., valuable work of, 206-7
Yudhisthira, 2
Yueh Chis, the, 33
_Yugantar_, the, 121, 203
THE END
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
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