Nitro Explosives: A Practical Treatise by P. Gerald Sanford

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~Total Acid Equivalent.~ Mr G.E. Barton (_Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc._, 1895)
proposes to determine thus: 100 c.c. of glycerine are diluted to 300 c.c.
in a beaker, a few drops of a 1 per cent. solution of phenolphthalein and
10 c.c. of normal caustic soda solution are added; after boiling, the
liquid is titrated with normal hydrochloric acid (fatty acids are thus
indicated and roughly determined).

~Neutrality.~ The same chemist determines the neutrality of glycerine
thus: 50 c.c. of glycerine mixed with 100 c.c. of water and a few drops of
alcoholic phenolphthalein[A] are titrated with hydrochloric acid or sodium
hydroxide; not more than 0.3 c.c. normal hydrochloric acid or normal soda
solution should be required to render the sample neutral; raw glycerines
contain from .5 to 1.0 per cent. of sodium carbonate.

[Footnote A: Sulman and Berry prefer litmus as indicator.]

~Determination of Free Fatty Acids.~ A weighed quantity of the glycerine
is shaken up with some neutral ether in a separating funnel, the glycerine
allowed to settle, drawn off, and the ether washed with three separate
lots of water. The water must have been recently boiled, and be quite free
from CO_{2}. All the free fatty acid is now in the ether, and no other
soluble acid. A drop of phenolphthalein is now added, a little water, and
the acidity determined by titration with deci-normal baryta solution, and
the baryta solution taken calculated as oleic acid.

~Combined Fatty Acid.~ About 30 grms. of the glycerine are placed in a
flask, and to it is added about half a grm. of caustic soda in solution.
The mixture is heated for ten minutes at 150 deg. C. After cooling some pure
ether is added to it, and enough dilute H_{2}SO_{4} to render it
distinctly acid. It is well shaken. All the fatty acids go into the ether.
The aqueous solution is then removed, and the ether well washed to remove
all H_{2}SO_{4}. After the addition of phenolphthalein the acid is
titrated, and the amount used calculated into oleic acid. From this total
amount of fatty acids the free fatty acid is deducted, and the quantity of
combined fatty acids thus obtained.

~Impurities.~ The following impurities may be found in bad samples of
glycerine:--Lead, arsenic, lime, chlorine, sulphuric acid, thio-sulphates,
sulphides, cyanogen compounds, organic acids (especially oleic acid and
fatty acids[A]), rosin products, and other organic bodies. It is also said
to be adulterated with sugar and glucose dextrine. Traces of sulphuric
acid and arsenic may be allowed, also very small traces indeed of lime and
chlorine.

[Footnote A: These substances often cause trouble in nitrating, white
flocculent matter being formed during the process of washing.]

The organic acids, formic and butyric acids may be detected by heating a
sample of the glycerine in a test tube with alcohol and sulphuric acid,
when, if present, compound ethers, such as ethylic formate and butyrate,
the former smelling like peaches and the latter of pine-apple, will be
formed.

~Oleic Acid~, if present in large quantity, will come down upon diluting
the sample with water, but smaller quantities may be detected by passing a
current of nitrogen peroxide, N_{2}O_{4} (obtained by heating lead
nitrate), through the diluted sample, when a white flocculent precipitate
of elaidic acid, which is less soluble than oleic acid, will be thrown
down. By agitating glycerol with chloroform, fatty acids, rosin oil, and
some other impurities are dissolved, while certain others form a turbid
layer between the chloroform and the supernatant liquid. On separating the
chloroform and evaporating it to dryness, a residue is obtained which may
be further examined.

~Sodium Chloride~ can be determined in 100 c.c. of the glycerine by adding
a little water, neutralised with sodium carbonate, and then titrated with
a deci-normal solution of silver nitrate, using potassium chromate as
indicator.

~Organic Impurities~ of various kinds occur in crude glycerine, and are
mostly objectionable. Their sum may be determined with fair accuracy by
Sulman and Berry's method: 50 grms. of the sample are diluted with twice
its measure of water, carefully neutralised with acetic acid, and warmed
to expel carbonic acid; when cold, a solution of basic lead acetate is
added in slight but distinct excess, and the mixture well agitated. The
formation of an abundant precipitate, which rapidly subsides, is an
indication of considerable impurity in the sample. To ascertain its
amount, the precipitate is first washed by decantation, and then collected
on a tared, or preferably a double counter-poised filter, where it is
further washed, dried at 100 deg. to 105 deg. C., and weighed. The precipitate and
filter paper are then ignited separately in porcelain, at a low red heat,
the residues moistened with a few drops of nitric acid and reignited; the
weight of the lead oxide deducted from that of the original precipitate
gives the weight of the organic matter precipitated by the lead. Raw
glycerines contain from 0.5 to 1.0 per cent.

~Albuminous Matters.~ An approximate determination of the albuminous
matters may be made by precipitating with basic lead acetate as already
described, and determining the nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method; the
nitrogen multiplied by 6.25 gives the amount of albuminous matter in the
precipitate.

~The Determination of Glycerine.~ The acetin method of Benedikt and Canton
depends upon the conversion of glycerine into triacetin, and the
saponification of the latter, and reduces the estimation of glycerine to
an acidmetric method. About 1.5 grm. of crude glycerine is heated to
boiling with 7 grms. of acetic anhydride, and 3 to 4 grms. of anhydrous
sodium acetate, under an upright condenser for one and a half hours. After
cooling, 50 c.c. of water are added, and the mixture heated until all the
triacetin has dissolved. The liquid is then filtered into a large flask,
the residue on the filter is well washed with water, the filtrate quite
cooled, phenolphthalein is added and the fluid exactly neutralised with a
dilute (2 to 3 per cent.) solution of alkali. Twenty-five c.c. of a 10 per
cent. caustic soda solution, which must be accurately standardised upon
normal acid, are then pipetted into the liquid, which is heated to boiling
for ten minutes to saponify the triacetin, and the excess of alkali is
then titrated back with normal acid. One c.c. of normal acid corresponds
to .03067 grm. of glycerine.

~Precautions.~--The heating must be done with a reflux condenser, the
triacetin being somewhat volatile. The sodium acetate used must be quite
anhydrous, or the conversion of the glycerine to triacetyl is imperfect.
Triacetin in contact with water gradually decomposes. After acetylation is
complete, therefore, the operations must be conducted as rapidly as
possible. It is necessary to neutralise the free acetic acid very
cautiously, and with rapid agitation, so that the alkali may not be
locally in excess.

~The Lead Oxide Method.~--Two grms. of sample are mixed with about 40
grms. of pure litharge, and heated in an air bath to 130 deg. C. until the
weight becomes constant, care being taken that the litharge is free from
such lead compounds and other substances as might injuriously affect the
results, and that the heating of the mixture takes place in an air bath
free from carbonic acid. The increase in weight in the litharge, minus the
weight of substance not volatilisable from 2 grms. of glycerine at 160 deg.
C., multiplied by the factor 1.243, is taken as the weight of glycerine in
the 2 grms. of sample. The glycerine must be fairly pure, and free from
resinous substances and SO_{3}, to give good results by this process.

~Analysis of the "Waste Acids" from the Manufacture of Nitro-Glycerine or
Gun-Cotton.~ Determine the specific gravity by the specific gravity bottle
or hydrometer, and the oxides of nitrogen by the permanganate method
described under nitro-glycerine. Now determine the total acidity of the
mixture by means of a tenth normal solution of sodium hydrate, and
calculate it as nitric acid (HNO_{3}), then determine the nitric acid by
means of Lunge nitrometer, and subtract percentage found from total
acidity, and calculate the difference into sulphuric acid, thus:--

Total acidity equals 97.46 per cent.--11.07 per cent. HNO_{3} = 86.39 per
cent., then (86.39 x 49)/63 = 67.20 per cent. H_{2}SO_{4}.

Then analysis of sample will be:--

_
Sulphuric acid = 67.20 per cent. |
Nitric acid = 11.07 " |- Specific gravity = 1.7075.
Water = 12.73 " _|

This method is accurate enough for general use in the nitric acid factory.
The acid mixture may be taken by volume for determining nitric oxide in
nitrometer. Two c.c. is a convenient quantity in the above case, then 2 x
1.7075 (specific gravity) = 3.414 grms. taken, gave 145 c.c. NO (barometer
= 748 mm, and temperature = 15 deg.C.) equals 134.9 c.c. (corr.) and as 1 c.c.
NO = .0282 grm. HNO_{3} 135 x .0282 = .378 grm. = 11.07 per cent. nitric
acid.

~Sodium Nitrate.~ Determine moisture and chlorine by the usual methods,
and the total, NaNO_{3}, by means of nitrometer--0.45 grm. is a very
convenient quantity to work on (gives about 123 c.c. gas); grind very
fine, and dissolve in a very little hot water in the cup of the
nitrometer; use about 15 c.c. concentrated H_{2}SO_{4}. One cubic cent. of
NO equals .003805 grm. of NaNO_{3}. The insoluble matter, both organic and
inorganic, should also be determined, also sulphate of soda and lime
tested for.

~Analysis of Mercury Fulminate (Divers and Kawakita's Method).~--A weighed
quantity of mercury fulminate is added to excess, but measured quantity of
fuming hydrochloric acid contained in a retort connected with a receiver
holding water. After heating for some time, the contents of the retort and
receiver are mixed and diluted, and the mercury is precipitated by
hydrogen sulphide. By warming and exposure to the air in open vessels the
hydrogen sulphide is for the most part dissipated. The solution is then
titrated with potassium hydroxide (KOH), as well as another quantity of
hydrochloric acid, equal to that used with the fulminate. As the mercury
chloride is reconverted into hydrochloric acid by the hydrogen sulphide,
and as the hydroxylamine does not neutralise to litmus the hydrochloric
acid combined with it, there is an equal amount of hydrochloric acid free
or available in the two solutions. Any excess of acid in the one which has
received the fulminate will therefore be due to the formic acid generated
from the fulminate. Dr. Divers and M. Kawakita, working by this method,
have obtained 31.31 per cent. formic acid, instead of 32.40 required by
theory. (_Jour. Chem. Soc._, p. 17, 1884.)

Divers and Kawakita proceed thus: 2.351 grms. dissolved, as already
described, in HCl, and afterwards diluted, gave mercury sulphide equal to
70.40 per cent. mercury. The same solution, after removal of mercury,
titrated by iodine for hydroxylamine, gave nitrogen equal to 9.85 per
cent., and when evaporated with hydroxyl ammonium chloride equal to 9.55
per cent. A solution of 2.6665 grms. fulminate in HCl of known amount,
after removal of mercury by hydrogen sulphide, gave by titration with
potassium hydrate, formic acid equal to 8.17 per cent. of carbon.
Collecting and comparing with calculation from formula we get--

Calc. I. II. III.

Mercury 70.42 70.40 ... ...
Nitrogen 9.86 9.85 9.55 ...
Carbon 8.45 ... ... 8.17
Oxygen 11.27 ... ... ...
_______

100.00

~The Analysis of Cap Composition.~--Messrs F.W. Jones and F.A. Willcox
(_Chem. News_, Dec. 11, 1896) have proposed the following process for the
analysis of this substance:--Cap composition usually consists of the
ingredients--potassium chlorate, antimony sulphide, and mercury fulminate,
and to estimate these substances in the presence of each other by ordinary
analytical methods is a difficult process. Since the separation of
antimony sulphide and mercury fulminate in the presence of potassium
chlorate necessitates the treatment of the mixture with hydrochloric acid,
and this produces an evolution of hydrogen sulphide from the sulphide, and
a consequent precipitation of sulphur; and potassium chlorate cannot be
separated from the other ingredients by treatment with water, owing to the
appreciable solubility of mercury fulminate in cold water.

In the course of some experiments on the solubility of mercury fulminate
Messrs Jones and Willcox observed that this body was readily soluble in
acetone and other ethereal solvents when they were saturated with ammonia
gas, and that chlorate of potash and sulphide of antimony were insoluble
in pure acetone saturated with ammonia; these observations at once
afforded a simple method of separating the three ingredients of cap
composition. By employing this solution of acetone and ammonia an analysis
can be made in a comparatively short time, and yields results of
sufficient accuracy for all technical purposes. The following are the
details of the process:--

A tared filter paper is placed in a funnel to the neck of which has been
fitted a piece of rubber tubing provided with a clip. The paper is
moistened with a solution of acetone and ammonia, the cap composition is
weighed off directly on to the filter paper and is then covered with the
solution of acetone and ammonia and allowed to stand thirty-four hours. It
is then washed repeatedly with the same solution until the washings give
no coloration with ammonium sulphide, and afterwards washed with acetone
until washings give no residue on evaporation dried and weighed. The paper
is again put in the funnel and washed with water until free from potassium
chlorate, dried and weighed.

If _c_ = weight of composition taken,
_d_ = " " filter paper,
_a_ = " after first extraction,
_b_ = " " second extraction,
then _c+d-a_ = weight of fulminate,
_c+d-a-b_ = " " KClO_{3},
_b-d_ = " " sulphide of antimony.

The composition should be finely ground in an agate mortar.

The results of the analysis by this method of two mixtures of known
composition are given below--

________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| | A | B |
| | | |
| | Percentage | Percentage | Percentage | Percentage |
| | Taken. | Found. | Taken. | Found. |
|____________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|
| | | | | |
| Antimony Sulphide | 36.47 | 36.25 | 37.34 | 37.22 |
| Potassium Chlorate | 33.25 | 33.71 | 46.03 | 46.43 |
| Mercury Fulminate | 30.27 | 30.02 | 16.61 | 16.34 |
|____________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|

Dr. H.W. Brownsdon's (_Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind._, xxiv., April 1905) process
is as follows:--The cap composition is removed by squeezing the cap with
pliers, while held over a porcelain basin of about 200 c.c. capacity, and
removing the loosened foil and broken composition by means of a pointed
wooden chip. Composition adhering to the shell or foil is loosened by
alcohol, and washed into the dish by means of alcohol in a small wash
bottle. The shell and foil are put to one side and subsequently weighed
when dry. The composition in the dish is broken down quite fine with a
flat-headed glass rod, and the alcohol evaporated on the water bath till
the residue is moist, but not quite dry, 25 c.c. of water are then added,
and the composition well stirred from the bottom. After the addition of
0.5 grm. of pure sodium, thiosulphate, the contents of the dish, is well
stirred for two and a half minutes. One drop of methyl orange is then
added, and the solution titrated with N/20 sulphuric acid, which has been
standardised against weighings of 0.05-0.1 grm. fulminate to which 25 c.c.
of water is added in a porcelain dish, then 0.5 grm. of thiosulphate, and
after stirring for two and a half minutes, titrated with N/20 sulphuric
acid. The small amount of antimony sulphide present does not interfere
with the recognition of the end point. After titration, the solution is
filtered through a small 5-1/2 cm. filter paper, which retains the
antimony sulphide. The filter paper containing the Sb_{2}S_{3} is well
washed and then transferred to a large 6 by 1 test tube. Five c.c. of
strong hydrochloric acid are added, and the contents of the tube boiled
gently for a few seconds until the sulphide is dissolved and all the
H_{2}S driven off or decomposed: 2-3 c.c. of a saturated solution of
tartaric acid are added, and the contents of the tube washed into a 250
c.c. Erlenmeyer flask. The solution is then nearly neutralised with sodium
carbonate, excess of bi-carbonate added, and after the addition of some
starch solution titrated with N/20 iodine solution. This method for small
quantities of stibnite is both quick and accurate, the error being about
+-0.0003 grm. Sb_{2}S_{3} at the outside.

The tendency of this method is to give slightly low figures for the
fulminate, but since these are uniform within a negligible error, it does
not affect the value of the results as a criterion of uniformity. The
following test results were obtained by Dr Brownsdon:--

____________________________________________________________
| | | |
| Fulminate Taken. | Fulminate Found. | Error. |
| Grm. | Grm. | Grm. |
| | | |
| 0.0086 | 0.0083 | -0.0003 |
| 0.0082 | 0.0081 | -0.0001 |
| 0.0074 | 0.0071 | -0.0003 |
| 0.0068 | 0.0066 | -0.0002 |
|____________________|___________________|___________________|
| | | |
| Stibnite Taken. |Sb_{2}S_{3}, Found.| Error. |
| Grm. | Grm. | Grm. |
| | | |
| 0.0085 | 0.0084 | -0.0001 |
| 0.0098 | 0.0099 | +0.0001 |
| 0.0160 | 0.0157 | -0.0003 |
| 0.0099 | 0.0100 | +0.0001 |
|____________________|___________________|___________________|

TABLE FOR CORRECTION OF VOLUMES OF GASES FOR TEMPERATURE, GIVING THE
DIVISOR FOR THE FORMULA.

V_{1} = V x B/(760 x (1 + dt)) (d = 0.003665) 1 + dt from 0 deg. to 30 deg. C.

___________________________________________________________
| | | | |
t. | 760x(1+dt). | t. | 760x(1+dt). | t. | 760x(1+dt).
_____|_____________|_____|_____________|_____|_____________
| | | | |
deg.C. | | deg.C. | | deg.C. |
0.0 | 750.000 | 1.7 | 764.7352 | 3.4 | 769.4704
.1 | 760.2785 | .8 | 765.0137 | .5 | 769.7489
.2 | 760.5571 | .9 | 765.2923 | .6 | 770.0274
.3 | 760.8356 | 2.0 | 765.5708 | .7 | 770.3060
.4 | 761.1142 | .1 | 765.8493 | .8 | 770.5845
.5 | 761.3927 | .2 | 766.1279 | .9 | 770.8631
.6 | 761.6712 | .3 | 766.4064 | 4.0 | 771.1416
.7 | 761.9498 | .4 | 766.6850 | .1 | 771.4201
.8 | 762.2283 | .5 | 766.9635 | .2 | 771.6987
.9 | 762.5069 | .6 | 767.2420 | .3 | 771.9772
1.0 | 762.7854 | .7 | 767.5206 | .4 | 772.2558
.1 | 763.0639 | .8 | 767.7991 | .5 | 772.5343
.2 | 763.3425 | .9 | 768.0777 | .6 | 772.8128
.3 | 763.6210 | 3.0 | 768.3562 | .7 | 773.0914
.4 | 763.8996 | .1 | 768.6347 | .8 | 773.3699
.5 | 764.1781 | .2 | 768.9133 | .9 | 773.6485
.6 | 764.4566 | .3 | 769.1918 | 5.0 | 773.9270
_____|_____________|_____|_____________|_____|_____________
___________________________________________________________
| | | | |
t. | 760x(1+dt). | t. | 760x(1+dt). | t. | 760x(1+dt).
_____|_____________|_____|_____________|_____|_____________
| | | | |
deg.C. | | deg.C. | | deg.C. |
5.1 | 774.2055 | .9 | 787.5755 | .7 | 800.9454
.2 | 774.4841 |10.0 | 787.8540 | .8 | 801.2239
.3 | 774.7626 | .1 | 788.1325 | .9 | 801.5025
.4 | 775.0412 | .2 | 788.4111 |15.0 | 801.7810
.5 | 775.3197 | .3 | 788.6896 | .1 | 802.0595
.6 | 775.5982 | .4 | 788.9682 | .2 | 802.3381
.7 | 775.8768 | .5 | 789.2467 | .3 | 802.6166
.8 | 776.1553 | .6 | 789.5252 | .4 | 802.8952
.9 | 776.4339 | .7 | 789.8038 | .5 | 803.1737
6.0 | 776.7124 | .8 | 790.0823 | .6 | 803.4522
.1 | 776.9909 | .9 | 790.3609 | .7 | 803.7308
.2 | 777.2695 |11.0 | 790.6394 | .8 | 804.0093
.3 | 777.5480 | .1 | 790.9179 | .9 | 804.2879
.4 | 777.8266 | .2 | 791.1965 |16.0 | 804.5664
.5 | 778.1051 | .3 | 791.4750 | .1 | 804.8449
.6 | 778.3836 | .4 | 791.7536 | .2 | 805.1235
.7 | 778.6622 | .5 | 792.0321 | .3 | 805.4020
.8 | 778.9407 | .6 | 792.3106 | .4 | 805.6806
.9 | 779.2193 | .7 | 792.5892 | .5 | 805.9591
7.0 | 779.4978 | .8 | 792.8677 | .6 | 806.2376
.1 | 779.7763 | .9 | 793.1463 | .7 | 806.5162
.2 | 780.0549 |12.0 | 793.4248 | .8 | 806.7947
.3 | 780.3334 | .1 | 793.7033 | .9 | 807.0733
.4 | 780.6120 | .2 | 793.9819 |17.0 | 807.3518
.5 | 780.8905 | .3 | 794.2604 | .1 | 807.6303
.6 | 781.1690 | .4 | 794.5390 | .2 | 807.9089
.7 | 781.4476 | .5 | 794.8175 | .3 | 808.1874
.8 | 781.7261 | .6 | 795.0960 | .4 | 808.4660
.9 | 782.0047 | .7 | 795.3746 | .5 | 808.7445
8.0 | 782.2832 | .8 | 795.6531 | .6 | 809.0230
.1 | 782.5617 | .9 | 795.9317 | .7 | 809.3016
.2 | 782.8403 |13.0 | 796.2102 | .8 | 809.5801
.3 | 783.1188 | .1 | 796.4887 | .9 | 809.8587
.4 | 783.3974 | .2 | 796.7673 |18.0 | 810.1372
.5 | 783.6959 | .3 | 797.0458 | .1 | 810.4175
.6 | 783.9544 | .4 | 797.3244 | .2 | 810.6943
.7 | 784.2330 | .5 | 797.6029 | .3 | 810.9728
.8 | 784.5115 | .6 | 797.8814 | .4 | 811.2514
.9 | 784.7901 | .7 | 798.1600 | .5 | 811.5299
9.0 | 785.0686 | .8 | 798.4385 | .6 | 811.8084
.1 | 785.3471 | .9 | 798.7171 | .7 | 812.0870
.2 | 785.6257 |14.0 | 798.9956 | .8 | 812.3655
.3 | 785.9042 | .1 | 799.2741 | .9 | 812.6441
.4 | 786.1828 | .2 | 799.5527 |19.0 | 812.9226
.5 | 786.4613 | .3 | 799.8312 | .1 | 813.2011
.6 | 786.7398 | .4 | 800.1098 | .2 | 813.4797
.7 | 787.0184 | .5 | 800.3883 | .3 | 813.7582
.8 | 787.2969 | .6 | 800.6668 | .4 | 814.0368
_____|_____________|_____|_____________|_____|_____________
___________________________________________________________
| | | | |
t. | 760x(1+dt). | t. | 760x(1+dt). | t. | 760x(1+dt).
_____|_____________|_____|_____________|_____|_____________
| | | | |
deg.C. | | deg.C. | | deg.C. |
19.5 | 814.3153 |23.0 | 824.0642 | .5 | 833.8131
.6 | 814.5938 | .1 | 824.3427 | .6 | 834.0916
.7 | 814.8724 | .2 | 824.6213 | .7 | 834.3702
.8 | 815.1500 | .3 | 824.8998 | .8 | 834.6487
.9 | 815.4925 | .4 | 825.1784 | .9 | 834.9273
20.0 | 815.7080 | .5 | 825.4569 |27.0 | 835.2058
.1 | 815.9865 | .6 | 825.7354 | .1 | 835.4843
.2 | 816.2651 | .7 | 826.0140 | .2 | 835.7629
.3 | 816.5436 | .8 | 826.2925 | .3 | 836.0414
.4 | 816.8222 | .9 | 826.5711 | .4 | 836.3200
.5 | 817.1007 |24.0 | 826.8496 | .5 | 836.5985
.6 | 817.3792 | .1 | 827.1281 | .6 | 836.8770
.7 | 817.6578 | .2 | 827.4067 | .7 | 837.1556
.8 | 817.9363 | .3 | 827.6852 | .8 | 837.4341
.9 | 818.2149 | .4 | 827.9638 | .9 | 837.7127
21.0 | 818.4934 | .5 | 828.2423 |28.0 | 837.9912
.1 | 818.7719 | .6 | 828.5208 | .1 | 838.2697
.2 | 819.0505 | .7 | 828.7994 | .2 | 838.5483
.3 | 819.3290 | .8 | 829.0779 | .3 | 838.8268
.4 | 819.6076 | .9 | 829.3565 | .4 | 839.1054
.5 | 819.8861 |25.0 | 829.6350 | .5 | 839.3839
.6 | 820.1646 | .1 | 829.9135 | .6 | 839.6624
.7 | 820.4432 | .2 | 830.1921 | .7 | 839.9410
.8 | 820.7217 | .3 | 830.4706 | .8 | 840.2195
.9 | 821.0003 | .4 | 830.7492 | .9 | 840.4981
22.0 | 821.2788 | .5 | 831.0277 |29.0 | 840.7766
.1 | 821.5573 | .6 | 831.3062 | .1 | 841.0551
.2 | 821.8859 | .7 | 831.5848 | .2 | 841.3337
.3 | 822.1144 | .8 | 831.8633 | .3 | 841.6122
.4 | 822.3930 | .9 | 832.1419 | .4 | 841.8908
.5 | 822.6715 |26.0 | 832.4204 | .5 | 842.1693
.6 | 822.9500 | .1 | 832.6989 | .6 | 842.4478
.7 | 823.2286 | .2 | 832.9775 | .7 | 842.7264
.8 | 823.5071 | .3 | 833.2560 | .8 | 843.0049
.9 | 823.7857 | .4 | 833.5346 | .9 | 843.2835
| | | |30.0 | 843.5620
_____|_____________|_____|_____________|_____|_____________

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