Reading Made Easy for Foreigners Third Reader by John L. Huelshof

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3. "Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and, from time
to time, publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their
judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of
either House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of
those present, be entered on the journal."

4. "Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting."

Section VI.--Privileges and Disabilities of Members.

1. "The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for
their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury
of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason,
felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their
attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to,
and returning from, the same; and for any speech or debate in either
House, they shall not be questioned in any other place."

2. "No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he
was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of
the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments
whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person,
holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either
House during his continuance in office."

Section VII.--Mode of Passing Laws.

1. "All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments,
as on other bills."

2. "Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and
the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the
President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if
not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it
shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their
journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration,
two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be
sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it
shall like-wise be reconsidered, and, if approved by two-thirds of that
House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both
Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the
persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal
of each House, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the
President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been
presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had
signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its
return, in which case it shall not be a law."

3. "Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a case
of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United
States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and
limitations prescribed in the case of a bill."

Section VIII.--Powers Granted to Congress.

1. "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties,
imposts, and excises, to pay the debts, provide for the common defence
and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and
excises shall be uniform throughout the United States."

2. "To borrow money on the credit of the United States."

3. "To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several
States, and with the Indian tribes."

4. "To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on
the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States."

5. "To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and
fix the standard of weights and measures."

6. "To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and
current coin of the United States."

7. "To establish post-offices and post-roads."

8. "To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing,
for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries."

9. "To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court."

10. "To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high
seas, and offences against the law of nations."

11. "To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make
rules concerning captures on land and water."

12. "To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that
use shall be for a longer term than two years."

13. "To provide and maintain a navy."

14. "To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and
naval forces."

15. "To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of
the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions."

16. "To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia,
and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service
of the United States; reserving to the States respectively, the
appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia,
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress."

17. "To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over
such district (not exceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of
particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of
the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority
over all places, purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the
State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines,
arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings," and

18. "To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by
this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any
department or officer thereof."

Section IX.--Powers Denied to the United States.

1. "The migration or importation of such persons, as any of the States,
now existing, shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by
the Congress, prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight;
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten
dollars for each person."

2. "The privilege of the writ of _habeas corpus_ shall not be suspended
unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may
require it."

3. "No bill of attainder, or _ex post facto_ law, shall be passed."

4. "No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in
proportion to the _census_ or enumeration, herein before directed to be
taken."

5. "No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State."

6. "No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or
revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall
vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or
pay duties, in another."

7. "No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of
appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the
receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published, from
time to time."

8. "No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no
person, holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall,
without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument,
office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or
foreign state."

Section X.--Powers Denied to the States.

1. "No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation;
grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit;
make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts,
pass any bill of attainder, _ex post facto_ law, or law impairing the
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility."

2. "No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any
imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely
necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all
duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be
for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws
shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress."

3. "No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of
tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace, enter into any
agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as
will not admit of delay."

ARTICLE II.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Section I.--President and Vice-President.

1. "The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four
years, and together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term,
be elected as follows:

2. "Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators
and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress:
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust
or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector."

3. "[3]The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by
ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall not be an
inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a
list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each;
which list they sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of
the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the
Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the
Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the
votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of
votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole
number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have
such a majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of
Representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for
President; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five
highest on the list, the said House shall, in like manner, choose the
President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by
States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum
for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds
of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a
choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person
having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the
Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal
votes, the Senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the
Vice-president."

4. "The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and
the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the
same throughout the United States."

5. "No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the
United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall
be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be
eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United
States."

6. "In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his
death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of
the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-president, and the
Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death,
resignation, or inability both of the President and Vice-president,
declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer
shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President
shall be elected."

7. "The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during
the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not
receive within that period any other emolument from the United States,
or any of them."

8. "Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the
following oath or affirmation: 'I do solemnly swear (or affirm), that I
will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States,
and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the
Constitution of the United States.'"

Section II.--Powers of the President.

1. "The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of
the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their
respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and
pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of
impeachment."

2. "He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present
concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers, and
consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the
United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided
for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law
vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper,
in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of
Departments."

3. "The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may
happen, during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which
shall expire at the end of their next session."

Section III.--Duties of the President.

"He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the
state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures
as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary
occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of
disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall
receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that
the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers
of the United States."

Section IV.--Impeachment of the President.

"The President, Vice-president, and all civil officers of the United
States, shall be removed from office, on impeachment for, and
conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors."

ARTICLE III.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

Section I.--United States Courts.

"The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme
Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to
time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and
shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation,
which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."

Section II.--Jurisdiction of the United States Courts.

1. "The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity,
arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all
cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to
all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to
which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two
or more States; between a State and citizens of another State, between
citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State,
claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State,
or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects."

2. "In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and
consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court
shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as
to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as
the Congress shall make."

3. "The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be
by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said
crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any
State, the trial shall be at such place, or places, as the Congress may
by law have directed."

Section III.--Treason.

1. "Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and
Comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in
open court."

2. "The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason,
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or
forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted."

ARTICLE IV.

Section I.--State Records.

"Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts,
records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the
Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts,
records, and proceedings shall be proved and the effect thereof."

Section II.--Privileges of Citizens.

1. "The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and
immunities of citizens in the several States."

2. "A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime,
who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on
demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be
delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the
crime."

3. "No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws
thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or
regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall
be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may
be due."

Section III.--New States and Territories.

1. "New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no
new State shall be formed, or erected, within the jurisdiction of any
other State; nor any State be formed, by the junction of two or more
States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of
the States concerned, as well as of the Congress."

2. "The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful
rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property,
belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall
be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of
any particular State."

Section IV.--Guarantee to the States.

"The United States shall guaranty to every State in this Union a
republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against
invasion; and, on application of the Legislature, or of the executive
(when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence."

ARTICLE V.

POWER OF AMENDMENT.

"The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the
application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either
case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this
Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one
or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
Provided, that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one
thousand eight hundred and eight, shall, in any manner, affect the
first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and
that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal
suffrage in the Senate."

ARTICLE VI.

PUBLIC DEBT, SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION, OATH OF OFFICE, RELIGIOUS
TEST.

1. "All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the
adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United
States, under this Constitution, as under the Confederation."

2. "This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be
made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme
law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby,
anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary
notwithstanding."

3. "The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members
of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial
officers, both of the United States, and of the several States, shall
be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no
religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office
or public trust under the United States."

ARTICLE VII.

RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.

"The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient
for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so
ratifying the same."

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United
States of America the twelfth.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.[4]

_Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several
States, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution_.

Article I.--Freedom of Religion, etc.

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

Article II.--Right to Bear Arms.

"A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed."

Article III.--Quartering Soldiers on Citizens.

"No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without
the consent of the owner; nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be
prescribed by law."

Article IV.--Search-Warrants.

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause,
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place
to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

Article V.--Trial for Crime, etc.

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in
actual service, in time of war, or public danger; nor shall any person
be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life
or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case, to be a witness
against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use,
without just compensation."

Article VI.--Rights of Accused Persons.

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature
and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses
against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his
favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence."

Article VII.--Suits at Common Law.

"In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no
fact, tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of
the United States, than according to the rules of the common law."

Article VIII.--Excessive Bail.

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."

Article IX.--Rights Retained by the People.

"The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

Article X.---Reserved Powers of the States.

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people."

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