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The Grey Book by Johan M. Snoek

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCE WORKS

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FOOTNOTES for The Grey Book by Johan M. Snoek
=============================================

page I

1 The struggle of the Dutch Church for the Maintenance of the Commandments
of God in the Life of the State, Documents collected and edited by
W.A. Visser 't Hooft, London, 1944, p.16 (henceforth: Visser 't Hooft).

page II

2 Kirche im Kampf, Dokumente des Widerstandes und des Aufbaus der Evangelischen
Kirche in Deutschland von 1933 bis 1945, herausgegeben von H. Hermelink,
Tubingen-Stuttgart, 1950, p. 344 ff. On the historiographical use of the term
"political messianism" in this context, cf. J.L. Talmon, The Unique and
the Universal - Some Historical Reflections, London 1965, Chap. IV: Mission
and Testimony - The Universal Significance of Modem Anti-semitism, p. 119 ff.

page III

3 Kirchliches Jahrbuch fur die Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland 1933- 1944,
hrsg. von Joachim Beckmann, Gutersloh 1948, p. 76 f., quoted according to:
Der Nationalsozialismus, Dokumente 1933-1945, herausgegeben, eingeleitet und
dargestellt von Walther Hofer, Frankfurt a/M, 1957 (henceforth: Hofer),
p. 140.

4 Visser 't Hooft, pp. 61, 64-65.
This reference to the first of the Ten Commandments by the Church in its
struggle against the totalitarian and pseudo-messianic character of the
Nazi regime already appeared in:
Wort der Bekenntnissynode der evangelischen Kirche der altpreussischen
Union an die Gemeinden, 4/5 March 1935 in Berlin-Dahlem; par. 1: The first
commandment reads: 'I am the Lord God. Thou shalt have no other gods besides
me. 'We obey this commandment alone having faith in Jesus Christ who was
crucified and resurrected for us. The new religion is a revolt against
the first commandment." Cf. Hofer, p. 144.

page V

5 Visser 't Hooft, p. 64.

Page VI

6 Heinrich Schmidt, Apokalyptisches Wetterleuchten, Ein Beitrag der
Evangelischen Kirche zum Kampf im 'Dritten Reich', Munchen, 1947, p. 305.
This source also appears in: Friedrich Zipfel, Kirchenkampf in Deutschland
1933-1945 - Religionsverfolgung und Selbstbehauptung der Kirchen in der
national-sozialistischen Zeit, Berlin I 965, p. 31.

7 Hofer, p. 128.

8 On the origin of the term: "metapolitics" cf. Constantin Frantz: "Offener
Brief an Richard Wagner", Bayreuther Blaetter, Jahrgang 1, No. 6 (June 1878),
op. 169. Cf.: Peter Viereck, Metapolitics - The Roots of the Nazi Mind,
N.Y. 1961 (1941), p. 4.

9 Visser 't Hooft, p. 71.

page VII

10 See in this volume pp. 131 - 132 . Cf. Visser 't Hooft, p. 57.

page VIII

11 These sources of modem anti-semitism have recently been treated in:
Shmuel Ettinger, "The Critique of Judaism in the Teachings of the 'Young
Hegelians' as one of the Roots of Modem Anti-semitism", Lecture given at
the Academia scientiarum Israelitica, Jerusalem, 1969 (in press, Hebrew).
Ibid: "The Roots of Modern Anti-semitism", (Hebrew) Molad, Jerusalem,
New Series Vol. 11 (xxv), No. (219) Jan.-March, 1969, p. 323 ff.
On the theoretical relationship between theological criticism and racial
theory, cf. Nathan Rotenstreich, Judaism and Jewish Rights, (Hebrew),
Tel-Aviv, 1959, Chaps, 1, 3, 5, 6. Ibid. "For and against Emancipation:
The Bruno Bauer Controversy", in Leo Beck Institute, Year Book IV,
London, 1959, p. 3 ff. Cf. also: Eleonore Sterling, Er ist wie Du - aus
der Fruehgeschichte des Anti-semitismus in Deutschland (1815-1850),
Munchen 1956, 235 pp. For sources on modern anti-semitism in the Critique
of positivistic religion by the deists and rationalists in France,
cf. Arthur Hertzberg, The French Enlightenment and the Jews, N.Y.-Phil.
1968, 420 pp.

12 Ludwig Feuerbach, Das Wesen der Religion, Dreissig Vorlesungen, 1845
(1848), Dritte Vorlesung, Leipzig, 1908, p. 12.

page IX

13 Friedrich Nietzsche, Gesammelte Werke, Gesamtausgabe, Kroner, Leipzig,
Vol. VII, p. 273: ... Das Christenthum ist ein Aufstand alles
Am-Boden-Kriechenden gegen das, was Hoehe hat; das Evangelium der
Niedrigen macht niedrig...".

14 Alexander Bein, Der moderne Anti-semitismus und seine Bedeutung fur
die Judenfrage, Vierteljahreshefte fur Zeitgeschichte, Stuttgart,
1958, pp. 345/6.

15 Moritz Freystadt, Der Christenspiegel von Anti-Marr, ein offenes
Sendeschreiben an die modernen Judenfeinde, 5e Anlage, Koenigsberg 1863,
pp. 3, 8, 20, 21, 39.

page X

16 Wilhelm Marr, Streifzuege durch das Koncilium von Trient - Voltaire
frei nach erzaehlt, Hamburg, Otto Meissner Verlag, 1868, pp. 95/6.
In this work Marr emphasizes the fact that the criticism of Christianity
was for the most part directed against the Catholics who were called by
the spokesmen of German nationalism in the period of Bismarck
'ultramontanists.' At the same time he claims: "We... reject
Christianity as well as Judaism... We reject... all religions...".
Cf. p. 102.

17 Marr, like most of the fathers of antisemitic ideology, is not consistent
in his antisemitic arguments or in his anti-Christian motives. Different
views are held at different times, and contradictory views are expressed
at the same time. Thus, Marr sometimes does not oppose Christianity but
seems to be a proponent of "practical Christianity" with an eye to the
social policy of Bismarck in the 80's of the last century, or as a
proponent of "Christian-German realism. Thus, we also note an anti-Christian
sentiment directed not so much against Protestantism as against Catholicism.
The Anti-Catholic attitude of the fathers of racial anti-semitism was
part of the national awakening in the days of the Second Reich, an
awakening that was based to a considerable extent on the tradition of
Protestant sovereignty.
Of the many sources of antiCatholic anti-semitism from the first days of
this movement the propaganda of Ottomar Beta is typical, as we find in his
book which he dedicated to Bismarck, "Juda-Jesuitismus, where, among other
things, he says: "The arrogant assumption of infallibility of the Jewish
descendents in Rome is nothing more than an ultramontanist firework to
divert the eyes of the Germanic peoples from the more ominous capitalistic
infallibility of their racial brethren in wordly garb... The source appears
in the anti-semitic collection: Antisemiten-Spiegel - die Antisemiten im
Lichte des Christenthums, des Rechtes und der Moral, Danzig, 1892, (A.S.
further), p. 136.

page XI

18 Walter Holsten, Adolf Stoecker als Symptom seiner Zeit - Anti-semitismus
in der evangelischen Kirche des 19e Jahrhunderts?
The article appears in: Christen und Juden - Ihr Gegenueber vom Apostel-
konzil bis heute, herausgegeben von Wolf-Dieter Marsch und Karl Thieme,
Mainz/Goettingen 1961, p. 182 ff.
On this ambivalent character of anti-semitism, cf. the words of A. Stoecker
to the German Kaiser, 25. 9. 1880: "...Im Ubrigen habe ich in allen meiner
Reden gegen das Judentum offen erklaert, dass ich nicht die Juden angreife,
sondern nur dies frivole, gottlose, wucherische, betruegerische Judenthum,
das in der Tat das Unglueck unseres Volkes ist...".
This source is found in: Dietrich von Oertzen, Adolf Stoecker - Lebensbild
und Zeitgeschichte, Berlin 1910, Vo1.1, p. 213. Cf. also: Paul W. Massing,
Vorgeschichte des politischen Anti-semitismus, Frankfurt a/M, 1959,
(P. Massing: further) p. 31.

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