Military Instructors Manual by James P. Cole and Oliver Schoonmaker

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MILITARY INSTRUCTORS MANUAL

by

CAPTAIN JAMES P. COLE, 59th INFANTRY
Instructor 3rd Battalion, 17th Provisional Training Regiment,
Plattsburg, N.Y.

and

MAJOR OLIVER SCHOONMAKER, 76th DIVISION
Assistant Instructor 3rd Battalion, 17th Provisional Training
Regiment, Plattsburg, N.Y.

TO
COLONEL WOLF

Under whose careful supervision so many have
received their Military Training in order that
they may show the world in battle the true spirit
of American manhood.

Acknowledgment.

To have prepared this book within the time allotted to it, without the
assistance of Candidates ALCOTT FARRAR ELWELL and LYLE MILTON PROUSE
would have been impossible, and grateful recognition is made of their
services. Not only much of the manual labor, but the preparation of
entire chapters, has been in their hands.

Candidates CHARLES HUNTINGTON JACOBS and MICHAEL FRANCIS MCALEER have
rendered very valuable assistance and we wish to thank the following
candidates for the loan of materials used elsewhere, for typewriting
and other work:

GLENN MACK AINSWORTH.
PHILIP M. BROWN.
NELSON P. BUMP.
EDWIN G. BURROWS.
PHILIP DOREMUS.
WALTER LANE HARDENBROOK.
ALBERT BLANCHARD KELLOGG.
HENRY PRATT MCKEAN.
LOREN RAY PIERCE.
HARRY RAPHAEL SAFTEL.
ROLAND EMERY PACKARD.
HOYT SHERMAN.

Introduction.

The officer of to-day has big problems to face at short notice. His
training has necessarily been so intensive that he cannot absorb a
large amount of it. He has little time to make out schedules or even
to look over the hasty notes he may have made during his training
period, yet he finds himself facing problems which force him to
immediate action.

This book so condenses and systematizes general military instruction
and the work done at Plattsburg so that it may be easily utilized in
training other troops. No broad claim for originality is made except
in the arrangement of all available material; the bibliography makes
acknowledgment to all texts so utilized. Besides bringing helpful
reminders to new officers regarding the elements of modern warfare,
much of the material will be found of radical importance, as it is
practically new and never before condensed. Since under the new army
organization the platoon leader virtually has assumed the roll of a
captain of a company, it is not enough for him to know simply his own
part; he must be ready with all the information that his
non-commissioned officers and men should know, and more important
still, he must know how to teach them. Having little or no time to
work over and digest for himself this mass of new material pouring in
upon him, the officer may find in this book, material condensed and
already arranged.

It is hoped that this work will serve to recall to many officers,
valuable points of military training which would otherwise be lost,
to them in the mass of notes never looked at since the day they were
made. More than this, every reader will find help in planning his
work, saving thereby precious hours already too full of necessary
duties, and will find fresh material for progress in the game of war.

It is the purpose of this book to help men who are in the service of
the United States, and through them to share in bringing victory.

Table of Contents.

PAGE.

Chapter 1. SCHEDULES 1

Chapter 2. INFANTRY DRILL REGULATIONS 31

Chapter 3. PHYSICAL TRAINING 91
VOICE CULTURE.

Chapter 4. USE OF MODERN ARMS 105
1. S.A.F.M.
2. Range Practice.
3. Pistol.
4. Bayonet.
5. Machine Guns.
6. Grenade Instruction.

Chapter 5. MAP SKETCHING 143

Chapter 6. ARTICLES OF WAR. (Courts-Martial.) 161

Chapter 7. ARMY REGULATIONS 175

Chapter 8. PRACTICE MARCHES 187
FIELD WORK.

Chapter 9. FEEDING MEN 213
CAMPING AND CAMP SANITATION.

Chapter 10. PERSONAL HYGIENE 221
FIRST AID.

Chapter 11. SIGNALING 229

Chapter 12. GUARD DUTY 237

Chapter 13. COMPANY ADMINISTRATION 245

Chapter 14. CONFERENCES 259
Study.
Small Problems in Infantry.
Examinations.

Chapter 15. TRENCH WARFARE 287
1. General Principles.
2. Siting Trenches.
3. Construction.
4. Occupation.

CONCLUSION 396

BIBLIOGRAPHY 397

CHAPTER INDEX 403

CHAPTER 1.

Schedules.

SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTION, RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CAMP
_Plattsburg, N.Y., August 27 to September 1, 1917_

Organization. | | |
Issue of Equipment. | | Drill |
Organization of | Drill | Physical |
Barracks | I.D.R. | M.P.T. |
====================|=================|==================|
| | |
Monday, Aug. 27 | | |
7.00-12.00 a.m. | | |
1.30-4.30 p.m. | | |
| | |
====================|=================|==================|
Tuesday, Aug. 28 | Without arms | 8.00-8.30 a.m. |
| 7.00-8.00 a.m. | pgs. 1-30 |
| pars 48-73 | |
| --------------- | |
| 8.30-10.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 101-132 | |
| | |
====================|=================|==================|
| With arms | |
| 7.00-8.00 a.m. | |
| pars 48-100 | 8.00-8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday, Aug. 29 | --------------- | pgs. 1-33 |
| 8.30-10.30 a.m. | |
| par. 101-132 | |
| | |
====================|=================|==================|
| 7.00-8.00 a.m. | 8.00-8.30 a.m. |
| par. 48-100 | pgs. 1-36 |
| | |
Thursday, Aug. 30 | 8.30-9.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 101-132 | |
| | |
| 9.30-10.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 159-198 | |
====================|=================|==================|
| 7.00-8.00 a.m. | 8.00-8.30 a.m. |
| par. 48-100 | pgs. 1-39 |
| | |
Friday, Aug. 31 | 8.30-9.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 101-132 | |
| | |
| 9.30-10.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 159-198 | |
====================|====================================|
Saturday, Sept. 1. | As prescribed by Senior Instructors.
====================|=====================================

| | |
| Musketry | |
Practice | Training | |
March | S.A.F.M. | Study | Conferences
=================|================|================|==================
| | 7.00-9.00 p.m. |
| | par. 1-21 |
| | par. 48-73- |
| | 101-132 |
| | I.D.R. |
=================|================|================|==================
| | 1.30-3.30 p.m. |
| | par. 1-21 |
| | S.A.F.M. | 2.30-4.30 p.m.
| | | Care of arms and
| | 7.00-9.00 p.m. | equipment
| | par. 74-100 |
| | I.D.R. |
=================|================|================|==================
| | 2.30-3.30 p.m. |
| | par. 1-31 |
Without arms | 1.30-2.30 p.m. | S.A.F.M. | 3.30-4.30 p.m.
10.45-11.45 a.m. | par. 1-21 | -------------- | Assembling and
| | 7.00-9.00 p.m. | adjusting pack
| | par. 159-198 |
| | I.D.R. |
=================|================|================|==================
| | |
| | |
| | |
10.45-11.45 a.m. | 1.30-2.30 p.m. | 7.00-9.00 p.m. | 2.30-4.30 p.m.
With arms | par. 1-31 | par. 159-198 | Assembling and
| | I.D.R. | adjusting pack
| | |
| | |
=================|================|================|==================
| | |
| | |
With arms and | | 7.00-9.00 p.m. | 3.30-4.30 p.m.
light pack | 1.30-3.30 p.m. | par. 199-257- | Military
10.45-11.45 a.m. | par. 1-31 | 758-765 | Courtesy
| | I.D.R. |
| | |
| | |
=================|================|================|==================

======================================================================

SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTION, PLATTSBURG TRAINING CAMP
_Plattsburg, N.Y., September 3 to September 8, 1917_

| | Drill |
| Drill | Physical |
| I.D.R. | M.P.T. |
===================|================|===================|
Monday, Sept. 3 | 7.00-8.30 a.m. | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
| pars. 101-158 | pgs. 1-42 |
| 159-193 | |
===================|================|===================|
Tuesday, Sept. 4 | 7.00-8.30 a.m. | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
| pars. 48-100 | pgs. 1-45 |
| 158-198 | |
===================|================|===================|
Wednesday, Sept. 5 | 7.00-8.30 a.m. | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
| pars. 101-158 | pgs. 1-48 |
| 158-198 | |
===================|================|===================|
Thursday, Sept. 6 | 7.00-8.30 a.m. | 3.30-4.30 p.m. |
| pars. 48-100 | pgs. 1-52 |
| 159-198 | |
===================|================|===================|
Friday, Sept. 7 | 7.00-8.30 a.m. | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
| pars. 101-158 | pgs. 1-55 |
| 159-198 | |
===================|====================================|
Saturday, Sept. 8 | As prescribed by Senior Instructor.
===================|=====================================

Musketry | | Companies
Training | Semaphore | Practice March
S.A.F.M. | Signalling | Full Kit
=================|==================|=================
8.45-9.45 a.m. | |
par. 1-31 | 9.45-10.45 a.m. |
| |
=================|==================|=================
10.00-11.00 a.m. | |
par. 1-31 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | 8.45-9.45 a.m.
| |
=================|==================|=================
8.45-9.45 p.m. | |
par. 1-31 | 9.45-10.15 a.m. |
| |
=================|==================|=================
10.30-11.30 a.m. | |
par. 1-31 | | 8.45-10.15 a.m.
| |
=================|==================|=================
8.45-9.45 a.m. | |
par. 1-31 | 9.45-10.15 a.m. |
| |
=================|==================|=================

======================================================

SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTION, PLATTSBURG TRAINING CAMP
_Plattsburg, N.Y., September 3 to September 8, 1917_--(_Concluded_)

| Grenade Instruction [A] | Bayonet Drill |
===================|=========================|==================|
| | 4.00-4.30 p.m. |
| | Lesson 1 |
Monday, Sept. 3 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | Notes on |
| | Bayonet Training |
===================|=========================|==================|
| | 4.00-4.30 p.m. |
| | Lessons 1 and 2 |
Tuesday, Sept. 4 | 11.30-12.00 m. | Notes on |
| | Bayonet Training |
===================|=========================|==================|
| | 4.00-4.30 p.m. |
| | Lessons 1 and 3 |
Wednesday, Sept. 5 | 10.30-11.00 a.m. | Notes on |
| | Bayonet Training |
| | |
===================|=========================|==================|
| | 4.00-4.30 p.m. |
| | Lessons 1 and 4 |
Thursday, Sept. 6 | 11.30-12.00 m. | Notes on |
| | Bayonet Training |
===================|=========================|==================|
| | 4.00-4.30 p.m. |
| | Lessons 1 and 5 |
Friday, Sept. 7 | 10.30-11.00 a.m. | Notes on |
| | Bayonet Training |
===================|=========================|==================|
Saturday, Sept. 8 | As prescribed by Senior Instructor.
===================|=============================================

Voice Culture | Conferences | Study
===================|=========================|====================
| | 7.00-9.00 p.m.
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | pars. 1-158 I.D.R
11.30-12.00 m. | par. 1-100 I.D.R. | pgs. 7-46
| pgs. 7-46 M.G.D. | M.G.D.
===================|=========================|====================
| | 7.00-9.00 p.m.
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | par. 159-174 I.D.R.
| pars. 101-158 I.D.R. | pgs. 47-88
| pgs. 7-88 M.G.D. | M.G.D.
===================|=========================|====================
| Physical Exam. | 7.00-9.00 p.m.
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | par. 175-198 I.D.R.
11.00-12.00 m. | pars. 159-174 | part III--U.S.
| part 5, 6, 10, 19 | Signal Book
| U.S.S.B. |
===================|=========================|====================
| | 7.00-9.00 p.m.
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | par. 792-798 I.D.R.
| pars. 175-198, 1-61 | par. 1-61
| S.A.F.M. | S.A.F.M.
===================|=========================|====================
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | 7.00-9.00 p.m.
11.00-12.00 m. | pars. 792-798 I.D.R. | par. 199-220 1-61
| 1-61 S.A.F.M. | S.A.F.M.
| |
===================|=========================|====================

==================================================================

[Footnote A: As prescribed by Senior Grenade Instructor.]

SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTION, PLATTSBURG TRAINING CAMP
_Plattsburg, N.Y., September 10 to September 15, 1917_

| | |
| Drill | Musketry Training |
| I.D.R. | S.A.F.M. |
====================|====================|===================|
| 7.00-7.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 133-150 | 8.30-9.30 a.m. |
| ------------------ | pars. 35-43 |
Monday, Sept. 10 | 7.30-8.00 a.m. | Sight setting |
| pars. 123-127 | and loadings |
| ------------------ | |
| 8.00-8.30 a.m. | |
| pars. 159-198 | |
====================|====================|===================|
| | 9.30-10.30 a.m. |
| | pars. 35-51 |
Tuesday, Sept. 11 | Same as for Monday | Sight setting |
| | and loadings |
====================|====================|===================|
Wednesday, Sept. 12 | 7.00-8.00 a.m. | 8.30-9.30 p.m. |
| pars. 199-211 | pars. 35-57 |
| ------------------ | Sight setting |
| 8.00-8.30 a.m. | and loadings |
| pars. 159-198 | |
====================|====================|===================|
| 7.00-8.00 a.m. | |
Thursday, Sept. 13 | pars. 199-224 | 10.00-11.00 a.m. |
| ------------------ | pars. 35-60 |
| 8.00-8.30 a.m. | Sight setting |
| pars. 159-198 | and loadings |
====================|====================|===================|
| 7.00-8.30 a.m. | 8.30-9.30 a.m. |
Friday, Sept. 14 | pars. 159-224 | pars. 35-61 |
| | Sight setting |
| | and loadings |
====================|====================|===================|
Saturday, Sept. 15 | As prescribed by Senior Instructors.
==============================================================

First Aid Manual, | Signaling |
N.C.O's and | Morse Code | Practice March
Privates | (wig wag) | Full Kit
====================|====================|==================
| |
| |
9.30-10.30 a.m. | |
Wounds | 10.30-11.00 a.m. |
pgs. 286-288 | |
| |
| |
| |
====================|====================|==================
| |
| |
| 10.30-11.00 a.m. | 8.30-9.30 a.m.
| |
====================|====================|==================
| |
9.30-10.30 a.m. | |
Fractures | 10.30-11.00 a.m. |
pgs. 288-290 | |
| |
====================|====================|==================
| |
| |
| | 8.30-10.00 a.m.
| |
| |
====================|====================|==================
9.30-10.00 a.m. | |
Resuscitation | 10.00-11.00 a.m. |
pgs. 290-296 | |
| |
====================|====================|==================

============================================================

SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTION, PLATTSBURG TRAINING CAMP
_Plattsburg, N.Y., September 10 to September 15, 1917_--(_Concluded_)

| Grenade Instruction | Drill, Physical |
| [B] | M.P.T. |
=====================|=====================|=================|
| | |
| | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
Monday, Sept. 10 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | pgs. 1-58 |
| | pgs. 133-134 |
| | |
| | |
=====================|=====================|=================|
| | |
| | |
| | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
Tuesday, Sept. 11 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | pgs. 1-61 |
| | pgs. 133-134 |
| | |
| | |
=====================|=====================|=================|
| | |
Wednesday, Sept. 12 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
| | pgs. 1-64 |
| | pgs. 133-134 |
| | |
=====================|=====================|=================|
| | |
| | |
| | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
Thursday, Sept. 13 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | pgs. 1-67 |
| | pgs. 133-134 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
=====================|=====================|=================|
| | |
| | |
| | 3.30-4.00 p.m. |
Friday, Sept. 14 | 11.00-11.30 a.m. | pgs. 1-70 |
| | pgs. 133-134 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
=====================|=======================================|
Saturday, Sept. 15 | As prescribed by Senior Instructors.
==============================================================

Bayonet Drill | Conference | Study
| |
===============|======================|============================
| 1.30-2.30 p.m. | Mon. | 7.00-8.00 p.m.
| pars. 123-127, | | pars. 123-127,
| 199-223 I.D.R. | | 199-223 I.D.R.
4.00-4.30 p.m. | -------------------- | | ------------------
| 2.30-3.30 p.m. | | 8.00-9.00 p.m.
| pars. 32-61 S.A.F.M. | | pars. 32-61 S.A.F.M.
===============|======================| |=====================
| | | 7.00-8.00 p.m.
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | | pars. 225-248 I.D.R.
4.00-4.30 p.m. | pars. 225-248 I.D.R. | | --------------------
| pgs. 5-11 | | 8.00-9.00 p.m.
| Notes on | | pgs. 5-11
| Bayonet Training | | Notes on
| | | Bayonet Training
===============|======================|======|=====================
| 1.30-3.30 p.m. | Tues.| 7.00-9.00 p.m.
| pars. 249-257 I.D.R. | | pars. 249-257 I.D.R.
4.00-4.30 p.m. | pgs. 12-19 | | pgs. 12-19
| Notes on | | Notes on
| Bayonet Training | | Bayonet Training
===============|======================|======|=====================
| 1.30-2.30 p.m. | Wed. | 7.00-8.00 p.m.
| Patrolling, messages,| | Patrolling, messages,
| orders, etc. | | orders, etc.
4.00-4.30 p.m. | pgs. 12-24 F.S.R. | | pgs. 12-24 F.S.R.
| -------------------- | | --------------------
| 2.30-3.30 p.m. | | 8.00-9.00 p.m.
| Notes on | | Notes on
| Grenade Warfare | | Grenade Warfare
===============|======================|======|=====================
| 1.30-2.30 p.m. |Thurs.| 7.00-8.00 p.m.
| Advance and | | Advance and
| Rear Guards | | Rear Guards
| pgs. 25-34 F.S.R. | | pgs. 25-24 F.S.R.
4.00-4.30 p.m. | -------------------- | | --------------------
| 2.30-3.30 p.m. | | 8.00-9.00 p.m.
| Training & | | Training &
| Employment of | | Employment of
| Bombers | | Bombers
===================================================================

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