A Century of Wrong by F. W. Reitz
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F. W. Reitz >> A Century of Wrong
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Article 2. The Government of the South African Republic will strictly
adhere to the boundaries defined in the first Article of this
Convention, and will do its utmost to prevent any of its inhabitants
from making any encroachments upon lands beyond the said boundaries. The
Government of the South African Republic will appoint Commissioners upon
the eastern and western borders whose duty it will be strictly to guard
against irregularities and all trespassing over the boundaries. Her
Majesty's Government will, if necessary, appoint Commissioners in the
native territories outside the eastern and western borders of the South
African Republic to maintain order and prevent encroachments.
Her Majesty's Government and the Government of the South African
Republic will each appoint a person to proceed together to beacon off
the amended south-west boundary as described in Article 1 of this
Convention; and the President of the Orange Free State shall be
requested to appoint a referee to whom the said persons shall refer any
questions on which they may disagree respecting the interpretation of
the said Article, and the decision of such referee thereon shall be
final. The arrangement already made, under the terms of Article 19 of
the Convention of Pretoria of the 3rd August, 1881, between the owners
of the farms Grootfontein and Valleifontein on the one hand, and the
Barolong authorities on the other, by which a fair share of the water
supply of the said farms shall be allowed to flow undisturbed to the
said Barolongs, shall continue in force.
Article 3. If a British officer is appointed to reside at Pretoria or
elsewhere within the South African Republic to discharge functions
analagous to those of a Consular officer he will receive the protection
and assistance of the Republic.
Article 4. The South African Republic will conclude no treaty or
engagement with any State or nation other than the Orange Free State,
nor with any native tribe to the eastward or westward of the Republic,
until the same has been approved by Her Majesty the Queen.
Such approval shall be considered to have been granted if Her Majesty's
Government shall not, within six months after receiving a copy of such
treaty (which shall be delivered to them immediately upon its
completion), have notified that the conclusion of such treaty is in
conflict with the interests of Great Britain or of any of Her Majesty's
possessions in South Africa.
Article 5. The South African Republic will be liable for any balance
which may still remain due of the debts for which it was liable at the
date of Annexation, to wit, the Cape Commercial Bank Loan, the Railway
Loan, and the Orphan Chamber Debt, which debts will be a first charge
upon the revenues of the Republic. The South African Republic will
moreover be liable to Her Majesty's Government for L250,000, which will
be a second charge upon the revenues of the Republic.
Article 6. The debt due as aforesaid by the South African Republic to
Her Majesty's Government will bear interest at the rate of three and
a-half per cent, from the date of the ratification of this Convention,
and shall be repayable by a payment for interest and Sinking Fund of six
pounds and ninepence per L100 per annum, which will extinguish the debt
in twenty-five years. The said payment of six pounds and ninepence per
L100 shall be payable half-yearly, in British currency, at the close of
each half year from the date of such ratification: Provided always that
the South African Republic shall be at liberty at the close of any half
year to pay off the whole or any portion of the outstanding debt.
Interest at the rate of three and a-half per cent, on the debt as
standing under the Convention of Pretoria shall, as heretofore, be paid
to the date of the ratification of this Convention.
Article 7. All persons who held property in the Transvaal on the 8th day
of August, 1881, and still hold the same, will continue to enjoy the
rights of property which they have enjoyed since the 12th April, 1877.
No person who has remained loyal to Her Majesty during the late
hostilities shall suffer any molestation by reason of his loyalty; or be
liable to any criminal prosecution or civil action for any part taken in
connexion with such hostilities; and all such persons will have full
liberty to reside in the country, with enjoyment of all civil rights,
and protection for their persons and property.
Article 8. The South African Republic renews the declaration made in the
Sand River Convention, and in the Convention of Pretoria, that no
slavery or apprenticeship partaking of slavery will be tolerated by the
Government of the said Republic.
Article 9. There will continue to be complete freedom of religion and
protection from molestation for all denominations, provided the same be
not inconsistent with morality and good order; and no disability shall
attach to any person in regard to rights of property by reason of the
religious opinions which he holds.
Article 10. The British Officer appointed to reside in the South African
Republic will receive every assistance from the Government of the said
Republic in making due provision for the proper care and preservation of
the graves of such of Her Majesty's Forces as have died in the
Transvaal; and if need be, for the appropriation of land for the
purpose.
Article 11. All grants or titles issued at any time by the Transvaal
Government in respect of land outside the boundary of the South African
Republic, as defined in Article I, shall be considered invalid and of no
effect, except in so far as any such grant or title relates to land that
falls within the boundary of the South African Republic; and all persons
holding any such grant so considered invalid and of no effect will
receive from the Government of the South African Republic such
compensation, either in land or in money, as the Volksraad shall
determine. In all cases in which any Native Chiefs or other authorities
outside the said boundaries have received any adequate consideration
from the Government of the South African Republic for land excluded from
the Transvaal by the first Article of this Convention, or where
permanent improvements have been made on the land, the High Commissioner
will recover from the native authorities fair compensation for the loss
of the land thus excluded, or of the permanent improvements thereon.
Article 12. The independence of the Swazis, within the boundary line of
Swaziland, as indicated in the first Article of this Convention, will be
fully recognised.
Article 13. Except in pursuance of any treaty or engagement made as
provided in Article 4 of this Convention, no other or higher duties
shall be imposed on the importation into the South African Republic of
any article coming from any part of Her Majesty's dominions than are or
may be imposed on the like article coming from any other place or
country; nor will any prohibition be maintained or imposed on the
importation into the South African Republic of any article coming from
any part of Her Majesty's dominions, which shall not equally extend to
the like article coming from any other place or country. And in like
manner the same treatment shall be given to any article coming to Great
Britain from the South African Republic as to the like article coming
from any other place or country.
These provisions do not preclude the consideration of special
arrangements as to import duties and commercial relations between the
South African Republic and any of Her Majesty's colonies or possessions.
Article 14. All persons, other than natives, conforming themselves to
the laws of the South African Republic (_a_) will have full liberty,
with their families, to enter, travel, or reside in any part of the
South African Republic; (_b_), they will be entitled to hire or possess
houses, manufactories, warehouses, shops, and premises; (_c_) they may
carry on their commerce either in person or by any agents whom they may
think fit to employ; (_d_), they will not be subject, in respect of
their persons or property, or in respect of their commerce or industry,
to any taxes, whether general or local, other than those which are or
may be imposed upon citizens of the said Republic.
Article 15. All persons, other than natives, who established their
domicile in the Transvaal between the 12th day of April, 1877, and the
8th August, 1881, and who within twelve months after such last-mentioned
date have had their names registered by the British Resident, shall be
exempt from all compulsory military service whatever.
Article 16. Provision shall hereafter be made by a separate instrument
for the mutual extradition of criminals, and also for the surrender of
deserters from Her Majesty's Forces.
Article 17. All debts contracted between the 12th April, 1877, and the
8th August, 1881, will be payable in the same currency in which they may
have been contracted.
Article 18. No grants of land which may have been made, and no transfers
or mortgages which may have been passed between the 12th April, 1877,
and the 8th August, 1881, will be invalidated by reason merely of their
having been made or passed between such dates.
All transfers to the British Secretary for Native Affairs in trust for
natives will remain in force, an officer of the South African Republic
taking the place of such Secretary for Native Affairs.
Article 19. The Government of the South African Republic will engage
faithfully to fulfil the assurances given, in accordance with the laws
of the South African Republic, to the natives at the Pretoria Pitso by
the Royal Commission in the presence of the Triumvirate and with their
entire assent (1), as to the freedom of the natives to buy or otherwise
acquire land under certain conditions; (2), as to the appointment of a
commission to mark out native locations; (3), as to the access of the
natives to the courts of law; and (4) as to their being allowed to move
freely within the country, or to leave it for any legal purpose, under a
pass system.
Article 20. This Convention will be ratified by a Volksraad of the South
African Republic within the period of six months after its execution,
and in default of such ratification this Convention shall be null and
void.
Signed in duplicate in London this 27th day of February, 1884.
(Signed) HERCULES ROBINSON.
(Signed) S.J.P. KRUGER.
(Signed) S.J. DU TOIT.
(Signed) M.J. SMIT.
INDEX.
Aberdeen Ministry, 24
Africanderdom in S. Africa,
see under South Africa, Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal
Aliwal Convention, 20
Amphitheatre Occurrence, 70, 77-81
Arbitration Proposals, see under Transvaal
Barkly, Sir H., 26
Basutos and the Orange Free State, 17, 20, 23, 94
Bloemfontein Conference, 85
Boers in S. Africa,
see under South Africa, Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal
Bulwer, Sir H.E.G., Governor of Natal, 28
Cape Colony:
The Africander Spirit of Liberty, 4
England's Native Policy, 5
Slachter's Nek, 6
Emancipation of the Slaves, 7
Lord Glenelg's Policy, 8
The Dutch Language, 9
The Great Boer Trek into Natal, 1836, 10-13
Piet Reliefs Manifesto, 11
Victory of the Africander Party, 51
Capitalistic Jingoism, 37-88
Carnarvon, Fourth Earl of, 26, 29
Cathcart, Sir George, 19, 24, 25
Chamberlain, Joseph,
Colonial Secretary, 46
His Attitude to the Transvaal, 57-88
Quoted, 54, 70, 73, 77
Cloete, Commissioner, 14
Colenso, Bishop, quoted, 27, 30
Cunynghame, Gen. Sir A., 21, 26
Derby, Fifteenth Earl of, and the Transvaal Convention, 34-36, 57, 59, 101
Diamond Fields, 19, 20, 25-26, 39-40, 41, 94
Dingaan, Zulu Chief, 13
Dunn, John, and the Supply of Rifles to Zulus, 31
Dynamite Concession, 61, 62-63
Edgar Case, 70, 73-77
Faure, Rev. D.P., 34, 60
Firearms supplied to Natives, 26, 31
Franchise Question, see under Transvaal
Frere, Sir Bartle,
Governor, 26-31
Quoted, 27, 30, 31
Froude, J.A., quoted, 8, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24
Gladstone, W.E., and the Transvaal, 27, 29, 32
Glenelg, Lord, and His Policy in S. Africa, 9
Goldfields of the Transvaal, 37-48, 60, 61, 64
Grey, Earl, referred to, 12, 18, 24
Hogge, Commissioner, 24
Import Duties, 61, 63
Jameson Raid, 46-48, 49
Jingoism and Capital, 37-88
Kaffir Aid against Boers, 17, 31
Keate, Governor, 26, 29
Kimberley and the Diamond Fields, 19, 20, 105
Kynoch & Co., Messrs., 62
Liquor Law, 61, 64-65
Loch, Sir Henry, and the Transvaal, 45-46
Lombard Affair, 70-73
London Convention, 34, 56, 58, 101, 128
Malabele and the Transvaal, 23
Milner, Sir Alfred,
His Attitude to the Transvaal, 52, 86-88
Quoted, 85
Missionaries in S. Africa, 6
Moffat, Dr., 26
Molesworth, Sir Wm., referred to, 12, 24
Moselikatse, Matabele Chief, 23
Moshesh, Basuto Chief, 17, 23, 94
Napier, Sir George, quoted, 14
Naples, Kingdom of,--British Intervention, 82
Natal:
The Boer Trek into Natal, 1836, 10-13
British Military Occupation, 13
The Founding of Natal, 13-16
British Annexation, 14
Protest of Natal, 14
Sufferings of the Boers, 15
Oliphant, Mr., Cape Attorney-General, 10
Orange Free State:
Fight at Boomplaats, 17
British Annexation, 17
Collision with Moshesh, Basuto Chief, 17, 23,
Andries Pretorius, Boer Leader, 15, 17-18, 23
The Republic restored, 18-19
The Basutos and the Free State, 20
Diamond Fields, 19, 20, 105
The Treaty of Aliwal, 20
British Breaches of the Convention, 20-22
Our Land quoted, 49
Owen, Commissioner, 24
Panda, King of Zululand, 27
Phillips, Lionel, quoted, 44, 45
Pottinger, Governor, 15
Pretoria Convention, 33, 56, 58, 84, 128
Pretorius, Andries,
His Mission to Governor Pottinger, 15, 17-18
Commandant-General of the Transvaal, 23-24
His Proposals for Peace, 24
Pretorius, Martinus, President of the Transvaal, 25
Rensburg Trek, 12
Relief, Fiet,
His Manifesto, 11
Murder of Relief and His Party, 13
Rhodes, Cecil J., and the Transvaal, 41-48, 83
Rhodesia and Its Mines, 60
Ripon, Marquis of, 54
Rosmead, Lord, 59
Sand River Convention, 24-26, 128
Schreiner, Olive, quoted, 38
Secoecoeni, Zulu Chief, 27, 30
Shepstone, Sir T., and His Transvaal Policy, 26-31, 95
Slavery at the Cape, 7
Smith, Sir Harry,
Quoted, 15
His Policy, 17-18, 24
South Africa (see also Cape Colony, Natal, Zululand, Transvaal)
The Alternative of Africanderdom, 2
Africa for the Africander, 98
South African League, 66-81
South African Republic, see Transvaal
Stanley, Lord, 14
Stockenstrom, Lieut.-Gov., 10
Suzerainty, see under Transvaal
Swazi Allies of the British, 30
Transvaal:
The Matabeles and the Transvaal, 23
Fight at Vechtkop, 23
Andries Pretorius and the British Government, 23-24
The Sand River Convention, 24-26, 128
British Breaches of the Convention, 26, 29
Diamond Fields, 26, 39-40, 41
Sale of Guns to Natives, 26
British Annexation, 26-31, 95
Boer Protest, 29
The Zulus and the Transvaal, 27-31
The War of Freedom, 32
Annexation cancelled, 32
The Pretoria Convention, 33, 35, 128
The London Convention, 34, 35, 101, 128
The Suzerainty, 34-36
The "South African Republic," 34
The Goldfields, 37-48, 60
The National Union Movement, 44
Sir Henry Loch's Indiscretion, 45-46
The Conspiracy and the Jameson Raid, 46-48, 49
National Sentiment, 49
The Cry of Disloyalty, 51
The Transvaal to be humiliated, 51
The Suzerainty Question revived, 52 _et seq._
Appeal for Arbitration, 53-60
Uitlander Grievances, 60-61, 70-88
Reply to Mr. Chamberlain, 109
The Industrial Commission, 61
The Dynamite Concession, 61, 62-63
The Netherlands Railway Co., 61, 63
Import Duties, 61, 63
Liquor Law, 61, 64-65
Gold Thefts, 61, 64
The South African League, 66-81
The Lombard Affair, 70-73
The Edgar Case, 70, 73-77
The Amphitheatre Occurrence, 70, 77-81
Equal Political Rights, 83
The Franchise, 84-85, 86
Bloemfontein Conference, 85
Attitude of Sir Alfred Milner, 52, 86
Bad Faith of the British Government, 87-88
Final Dispatch of State Secretary Reitz, 127
Conclusion, 89-98
Trek into Natal in 1836, 10-13
Trichardt Trek, 12, 23
Uitlanders, see under Transvaal
Umbeline, Zulu Chief, 28
Warden, Major, 18
Waterboer, (Chief), 26
Wolseley, Lord, quoted, 27
Zululand and the Zulus:
Dingaan and the Boer Trek into Natal, 3
Secoecoeni, Zulu Chief, 27, 30
The Zulus and the Transvaal, 27-28
The Zulu War, 28
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