New Latin Grammar by Charles E. Bennett

C >> Charles E. Bennett >> New Latin Grammar

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T.

t, pron., 3, 3;
---- th, 2, 3, c; 3, 3;
---- changes, 8, 2;
---- dropped, 8, 3.
taedet, 138, II;
---- w. gen., 209.
Taking away, verbs of, w. dat., 188, 2, d.
talentum, gen. plu., 25, 5, a.
tamen, 343, 1, f.
tametsi, 309, 2.
tamquam, tamquam si, w. subjv., 307.
tanton, 6, 4.
-tas, 149;
---- gen. -tatis, decl. of nouns in, 40, 1, e).
Tasting, verbs of, constr., 176, 5.
Teaching, verbs of, constr., 178, 1, b.
ted = te, 84, 3.
Temporal clauses, w. postquam, ut, ubi, simul ac, 287;
---- w. cum, 288; 289;
---- w. antequam and priusquam, 291; 292;
---- with dum, donec, quoad, 293.
temporis (id temporis), 185, 2.
Tendency, dat. of, 191.
tener, decl., 64.
Tenses, 94, 3; 257 ff.;
---- of inf., 270;
---- of inf. in indir. disc., 317;
---- of participles, 336;
---- of subjv., 266;
---- sequence of, 266-268;
---- in indir. disc., 317; 318.
Tenues (consonants), 2, 3, a), footnote 4.
tenus, position, 142, 3.
Terminations, 17, 3.
terni, how used, 81, 4, b.
-ternus, 154.
terra marique, 228, 1, c.
terrester, 68, 3.
Tetrameter verses, 366, 11.
Thematic verbs, 101-113.
---- vowels, 117, footnote 39.
Thesis, 366, 6.
Third conj., 105; 109 f.;
---- decl., 28 f.;
---- gender in, 43 f.
Threatening, verbs of, 187, II.
-tim, adverbs in, 157, 2.
Time, at which, 230;
---- during which, 181; 231, 1;
---- within which, 231.
timeo ne and ut, 296, 2.
-tinus, suffix, 154.
-tio, suffix, 147, 3.
Tmesis, 367, 7.
-to as suffix of verbs, 155, 2.
-tor, use of nouns in, 353, 4.
totus, 66;
---- preposition absent w., in expression of place relations, 228, 1,
b).
Towns, gender of names of, 15, 2;
---- names of, denoting limit of motion, 182, 1, a;
---- denoting place where, 228, 1, a;
---- place from which, 229, 1, a;
---- appositives of town names, 169, 4; 229, 2.
traditur, traditum est, w. inf., 332, N.
trans, prep, w. acc., 141;
---- constr. of verbs compounded with, 179.
Transitive verbs, 174.
Trees, gender of names of, 15, 2.
tres, decl., 80, 3.
Tribrach, 370, 2.
tribus, decl., 49, 3;
---- gender, 50.
Trimeter verses, 366, 11.
trini, use, 81, 4, b).
triumvir, gen. plu. of, 25, 6, b).
-trix, suffix, 147, 1.
Trochee, 366, 2.
-trum, suffix, 147, 4.
Trusting, verbs of, w. dat., 187, II.
tu, decl., 84.
-tudo, suffix, 84.
tui, as objective gen., 242, 2.
-tura, suffix, 147, 3, a).
tus, decl., 57, 7.
-tus, suffix, 147, 3; 151, 4.
tussis, decl., 38.
tute, tutemet, tutimet, 84, 2.
Two accusatives, 177; 178.
Two datives, 191, 2.

U.

u, instead of i in some words, 9, 1;
---- instead of a, 9, 1; 9, 4.
u, becomes v 367, 4.
u-stems, 48.
u-stems, 41.
-u, dat. sing., 4th decl, 49, 2.
uber, decl., 70, 1.
ubi, with ind., 287, 1; 2;
---- with gen., 201, 3.
-ubus, dat., plu., 4th decl., 49, 3.
ullus, decl., 66.
ulterior, compared, 73, 1.
ultimus, use, 241, 2.
ultra, prep. w. acc., 141.
-ulus, diminutive ending, 150, 2;
---- (a, um), 148, 1.
-um, 1st decl., gen. plu. in, 21, 2, d);
---- 2d decl., 25, 6;
---- for -ium, 70, 7.
-undus, -undi, in gerund and gerundive, 116, 2.
unus, decl., 66; 92, 1;
---- unus est qui, with subjv., 283, 2.
-urio, ending of desiderative verbs, 155, 3.
-urus, ending of fut. act. partic., 101; 103 ff.;
---- -urus fuisse in apodosis of conditional sentences contrary-to-fact,
in indir. disc., 321, 2;
---- -urus fuerim in indir. questions serving as apodoses, 322, b.
-us, neuter nouns of 2d decl. in, 26, 2;
---- nom. in 3d decl., in -us, 36;
---- gender of nouns in -us of 3d decl., 43, 3;
---- exceptions in gender, 46, 4.
-us, nouns of 3d decl. in, 43, 2.
usque ad, w. acc., 141, 1.
usus est, with abl., 218, 2.
ut, temporal, 287, 1; 2;
---- ut, uti, in purpose clauses, 282;
---- in result clauses, 284;
---- in substantive clauses, 295 f.;
---- substantive clauses without, 295, 8;
---- with verbs of fearing, 296, 2.
ut ne = ne, 282, 1, b; 295, 1, 4, 5.
ut non instead of ne, 282, 1, c;
---- in clauses of result, 284, 297.
ut qui, introducing clauses of characteristic, 283, 3.
ut si, w. subjv., 307, 1.
uter, decl., 66; 92, 1.
uter, decl., 40, 1, d).
utercumque, decl., 92, 2.
uterlibet, decl., 92, 2.
uterque, decl., 92, 2;
---- use, 355, 2.
utervis, decl., 92, 2.
utilius est = Eng. potential, 271, 1, b).
utinam, with optative subjv., 279, 1 and 2.
utor, with abl., 218, 1;
---- in gerundive constr., 339, 4
utpote qui, introducing clauses of characteristic, 283, 3.
utraque, 6, 5.
utrum ... an, 162, 4; 300, 4.

V.

v, 1, 1;
---- pron., 3, 3:
---- developing from u, 367, 4.
v, becomes u, 367, 5.
valde, by syncope, for valide, 7, 4.
vale, 363, 2, b).
Value, indefinite, in gen., 203, 3.
vannus, gender of, 26, 1, b).
Variations in spelling, 9.
vas, decl., 59, 1.
-ve, 6, 3; 342, 1, b).
vel, 342, 1, b);
---- with superl., 240, 3.
velim, potential subjv., 280, 2, a.
vellem, potential subjv., 280, 4.
velut, velut si, w. subjv., 307, 1.
venter, decl., 40, 1, d).
Verba sentiendi et declarandi, w. inf. of indir. disc., 331, I;
---- passive use of these, 332.
Verbal adjs., 150, 1-4.
Verbs, 94 f.;
---- personal endings, 96;
---- deponent, 112;
---- archaic and poetic forms, 116, 4;
---- irregular, 124;
---- defective, 133;
---- impersonal, 138;
---- with substantive clauses of result, 297, 2;
---- omission of, 166, 3;
---- transitive, 174;
---- ---- used absolutely, 174, a;
---- passives used as middles, 175, 2, d);
---- of smelling and tasting, constr., 176, 5;
---- not used in passive, 177, 3, a;
---- intransitives impersonal in passive, 187, II, b; 256, 3;
---- compounded with preps., constr., 187, III;
---- of judicial action, constr., 208;
---- derivation of, 155 f.;
---- inceptive or inchoative, 155, 1;
---- frequentative or intensive, 155, 2;
---- desiderative, 155, 3;
---- denominative, 156;
---- agreement of, 254 f.
Verb stems, 97;
---- formation of, 117 f.
vereor, conj., 113;
---- with subst. clause in subjv., 296, 2.
Vergilius, gen. of, 25, 1.
veritus, with present force; 336, 5.
vero, 343, 1, g);
---- in answers, 162, 5.
Verse, 366, 3.
Verse-structure, 366 f.
Versification, 361.
versus, prep. w. acc., 141;
---- follows its case, 141, 2.
verum, 343, 1, b).
vescor, with abl., 218, 1.
vesper, decl., 23, 2.
vesperi, locative, 232, 2.
vestri, as obj. gen., 242, 2.
vestrum, as gen. of whole, 242, 2;
---- as possessive gen., 242, 2, a.
veto, with inf. 331, II.
vetus, decl., 70;
---- compared, 73, 3.
vi, 220, 2.
vicem, used adverbially, 185, 1;
---- vicis, vice, 57, 5, b.
victor, decl., 34.
video, with pres. partic., 337, 3.
vigil, decl., 34.
violenter, formation, 77, 4, a.
vir, decl., 23.
---- gen. plu. of nouns compounded with, 25, 6, b).
virile seces, constr., 185, 1.
virus, gender of, 26, 2.
vis, decl., 41.
viscera, used in plu. only, 56, 3.
Vocative case, 17; 19, 1;
---- of Greek proper names in -as, 47, 4;
---- of adjs. in -ius, 63, 1; 171;
---- in -i for -ie, 25, 1;
---- position of, 350, 3.
Voiced sounds, 2, 3, a).
Voiced consonants, 2, 3, b).
Voiceless consonants, 2, 3, a).
Voices, 94; 256;
---- middle voice, 256, 1.
Volitive subjunctive, 272 f.
volnus, spelling, 9, 1.
volo, 130;
---- with inf., 331, IV and a; 270, 2, a;
---- with subjv., 296, 1, a.
volt, spelling, 9, 1.
voltus, spelling, 8, 1.
volucer, decl., 68, 1.
voluntate, 220, 2.
-volus, comparison of adjs. in, 71, 5
Vowels, 2, 1;
---- sounds of the, 3, 1;
---- quantity of, 5, A;
---- contraction of, 7, 2;
---- parasitic, 7, 3.
Vowel changes, 7.
vulgus, gender of, 26, 2.
-vum, -vus, decl. of nouns in, 24.

W.

Want, verbs and adjs. of, w. abl., 214, 1, c; d.
Way by which, abl. of, 218, 9.
We, editorial, 242, 3.
Whole, gen. of, 201.
Wills, use of fut. imperative in, 281, 1, b.
Winds, gender of names of, 15, 1.
Wish, clauses with dum, etc., expressing a, 310.
Wishes, subjunctive in, 279;
---- see Optative subjunctive.
Wishing, verbs of, with subst. clause 296, 1;
---- with obj. inf., 331, IV.
Word-formation, 146 f.
Word-order, 348 f.
Word questions, 162, 1.

X.

x, 2, 9;
---- = cs and gs, 32.
-x, decl. of monosyllables in, preceded by one or more cons., 40, 1, b);
---- gender of nouns in -x of 3d decl., 43, 2;
---- exceptions, 45, 4.

Y.

y, 1, 1.
Yes, how expressed, 162, 5.
'You,' indefinite, 356, 3; 280, 3; 302, 2.

Z.

z, 1, 1; 2, 9.
Zeugma, 374, 2, a).

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES

[1] Sometimes also called _Aryan_ or _Indo-Germanic_.

[2] Cuneiform means "wedge-shaped." The name applies to the form of the
strokes of which the characters consist.

[3] The name Zend is often given to this.

[4] For 'voiceless,' 'surd,' 'hard,' or 'tenuis' are sometimes used.

[5] For 'voiced,' 'sonant,' 'soft,' or 'media' are sometimes used.

[6] In this book, long vowels are indicated by a horizontal line above
them; as, a, i, o, etc. Vowels not thus marked are short. Occasionally a
curve is set above short vowels; as, e, u.

[7] To avoid confusion, the quantity of _syllables_ is not indicated by any
sign.

[8] But if the l or r introduces the second part of a compound, the
preceding syllable is always long; as, abrumpo.

[9] Only the simplest and most obvious of these are here treated.

[10] Only the simplest and most obvious of these are here treated.

[11] The great majority of all Latin nouns come under this category. The
principles for determining their gender are given under the separate
declensions.

[12] The Stem is often derived from a more primitive form called the Root.
Thus, the stem porta- goes back to the root per-, por-. Roots are usually
monosyllabic. The addition made to a root to form a stem is called a
Suffix. Thus in porta- the suffix is -ta.

[13] There is only one stem ending in -m:--hiems, hiemis, _winter_.

[14] Mensis, _month_, originally a consonant stem (mens-), has in the
Genitive Plural both mensium and mensum. The Accusative Plural is menses.

[15] This is practically always used instead of alius in the Genitive.

[16] A Dative Singular Feminine alterae also occurs.

[17] Supplied by vetustior, from vetustus.

[18] Supplied by recentior.

[19] For _newest_, recentissimus is used.

[20] Supplied by minimus natu.

[21] Supplied by maximus natu.

[22] The final i is sometimes long in poetry.

[23] Forms of hic ending in -s sometimes append -ce for emphasis; as,
hujusce, _this ... here_; hosce, hisce. When -ne is added, -c and -ce
become -ci; as huncine, hoscine.

[24] For istud, istuc sometimes occurs; for ista, istaec.

[25] For illud, illuc sometimes occurs.

[26] Sometimes quis.

[27] An ablative qui occurs in quicum, _with whom_.

[28] Where the Perfect Participle is not in use, the Future Active
Participle, if it occurs, is given as one of the Principal Parts.

[29] The Perfect Participle is wanting in sum.

[30] The meanings of the different tenses of the Subjunctive are so many
and so varied, particularly in subordinate clauses, that no attempt can be
made to give them here. For fuller information the pupil is referred to the
Syntax.

[31] For essem, esses, esset, essent, the forms forem, fores, foret, forent
are sometimes used.

[32] For futurus esse, the form fore is often used.

[33] Declined like bonus, -a, -um.

[34] The Imperfect also means _I loved_.

[35] For declension of amans, see Sec. 70, 3.

[36] Fui, fuisti, etc., are sometimes used for sum, es, etc. So fueram,
fueras, etc., for eram, etc.; fuero, etc., for ero, etc.

[37] Fuerim, etc., are sometimes used for sim; so fuissem, etc., for essem.

[38] In actual usage passive imperatives occur only in deponents (Sec. 112).

[39] Strictly speaking, the Present Stem always ends in a Thematic Vowel (e
or o); as, dic-e-, dic-o-; ama-e-, ama-o-. But the multitude of phonetic
changes involved prevents a scientific treatment of the subject here. See
the author's _Latin Language_.

[40] But the compounds of juvo sometimes have _-juturus_; as, _adjuturus_.

[41] Used only impersonally.

[42] So _impleo_, _expleo_.

[43] Compounds follow the Fourth Conjugation: _accio_, _accire_, etc.

[44] Fully conjugated only in the compounds: _exstinguo_, _restinguo_,
_distinguo_.

[45] Only in the compounds: _evado_, _invado_, _pervado_.

[46] It will be observed that not all the forms of fero lack the connecting
vowel. Some of them, as ferimus, ferunt, follow the regular inflection of
verbs of the Third Conjugation.

[47] For the Predicate Genitive, see Sec. 198, 3; 203, 5.

[48] Many such verbs were originally intransitive in English also, and once
governed the Dative.

[49] This was the original form of the preposition cum.

[50] Place from which, though strictly a Genuine Ablative use, is treated
here for sake of convenience.

[51] Especially: moneo, admoneo; rogo, oro, peto, postulo, precor, flagito;
mando, impero, praecipio; suadeo, hortor, cohortor; persuadeo, impello.

[52] Especially: permitto, concedo, non patior.

[53] Especially: prohibeo, impedio, deterreo.

[54] Especially: constituo, decerno, censeo, placuit, convenit, paciscor.

[55] Especially: laboro, do operam, id ago, contendo, impetro.

[56] Exclamations, also, upon becoming indirect, take the Subjunctive, as
considera quam variae sint hominum cupidines, _consider how varied are the
desires of men._ (Direct: quam variae sunt hominum cupidines!)

[57] Tradituri fuerint and erraturus fueris are to be regarded as
representing tradituri fuerunt and erraturus fuisti of Direct Discourse.
(See Sec. 304, 3, b.)

[58] Except in Sallust and Silver Latin.

[59] So named from a fancied analogy to the strokes of the Greek letter
(_chi_). Thus:--

multos laesi
_chi_
defendi neminem

[60] The pronouns hic, hoc, and the adverb huc, probably had a short
_vowel_. The syllable was made long by pronouncing hicc, hocc, etc.

[61] Ictus was not accent,--neither stress accent not musical accent,--but
was simply the quantitative prominence inherent in the long syllables of
_fundamental feet_.

[62] For explanation of the abbreviations, see p. 257.

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