The Government Class Book by Andrew W. Young

A >> Andrew W. Young >> The Government Class Book

Pages:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26

Quarantine regulations, 121
Quorum, defined, 42

Rail-roads, by what authority and how made, 84, 85
Ratification of constitution by states, 162
of treaties, 144
Ratio of representation in congress, how ascertained, &c., 105, 106
Real estate, defined, 77
of intestates, descent of, 179, 180
Rebellion, defined, 90, 91
Recognizance, defined, 69
Recorder or register, county, duties of, 55
Records, public, proving and effect of, 156, 157
Registry of vessels, 120
Religion, freedom in matters of, secured, 163
Representative, defined, 27, 28
Representatives, state, how apportioned and elected, 37-39
qualifications of, 40
Representatives in congress, how apportioned, 105
qualifications of, 104, 105
Reprieve and pardon, defined, and power to grant, 49, 143
Reprisals, power to make, forbidden to states, 136
Reprisals in war, 229, 230
Republic, defined, 26
Republican government, guarantied to the states, 159
Respondent, defined, 69
Revenue, defined, 80
national, how raised, 112-114
Revolution, causes of, 94-97
Rhode Island, constitution of, 243
Rights and liberty, defined, 18-20
Rights of person and property, defined, 18, 19, 167
Right of property, how acquired, 16, 177
Right by prescription, 184-186
Right of way, law concerning, 183, 184
Right of waters, 183, 185
Right of search, 236
Riot, defined, and how suppressed, 220
Roads, (see Highways.)
Robbery, defined, 218

School funds, schools, &c., 79-82
Sealer of weights and measures, duty of, 59
Secretary of state, of state government, 50
Secretary of state of the United States, duties of, 148
of the treasury, 148
of the interior, 149
of war, 149
of the navy, 149
Selectmen, duties of, 57
Senate, state, how constituted, 38-40
Senators and representatives, qualifications of, 40
(See State Constitutions.)
Senate of the United States, how formed, 108, 109
qualifications of members of, 111
vacancies in, how filled, 110, 111
Sergeant-at-arms, appointment and duties of, 42
Servants, rights and liabilities of, 176, 177
Sheriff and shire, origin of, 53, 54
powers and duties of, 55
Slander and libel, law concerning, 168, 169
Slave trade, not to be prohibited before 1808, 131, 132
declared piracy, 132
Society, civil, defined, 17
mankind fitted for, 15-17
South Carolina, constitution of, 256
Sovereignty, defined, 24
Speaker of house and senate, 41
Specialty, defined, 283
Spies in war, 233
State and nation, defined, 17
State constitutions, synopsis of, 239-280
State officers, executive, 50-52
State records, effect and proof of, 156, 157
State printer, appointment and business of, 52
Statute law, defined, 167
Stocks, public, defined, 84
Stratagems in war, 233
Subpoena, nature and service of, 65
Summons, suits commenced by, 64-66
Superintendent of schools, duties of, 52, 81
Supervisors, board of, of whom composed, 54
of towns, duties of, 54, 57
of highways, duties of, 58
Surveyor of county, 56
Surveyor-general, duties of, 52
Swearing, profane, unlawful, 221
Synopsis of the state constitutions, 239-280

Taxation, power of congress in relation to, 112-114
Taxes, assessment and collection of, 76-78
how apportioned among the states, 106-107
Tender, what lawful, 136
Tennessee, constitution of, 266
Testament, (see Wills and Testaments.)
Texas, constitution of, 263
Theocracy, defined, and government of, 24
Town clerk, duties of, 57
Town officers, election and duties of, 56-59
Towns and townships, organization and powers of, 53, 56
Treason against states, defined, 217
power of congress concerning, 155, 156
attainder of, 155
Treasurer, of state, duties of, 51
of county, 54, 55
of towns, 58
Treaties, how and by whom made, 244
by states prohibited, 135
of peace, 237, 238
Treaty, defined, 144
Truces in war, 237
Trustees of townships, power and duties of, 57
Tunnage, duties, states prohibited to lay, 119, 120

Union, nature of the, 101-104
Usury, defined, and forfeiture in case of, 215

Vacancy, in legislature, how filled, 40
in United States senate, how filled, 110, 111
Venire issuing of, 67
Verdict, defined, and how rendered, 67
Vermont, constitution of, 241
Vessels, registry, and measurement of, 120
Veto, defined, 47
Veto, in different states, (see State Constitutions.)
Villages, incorporation and government of, 61
Virginia, constitution of, 253
Viva voce, voting by, 34
Voters, qualifications of, in different states, (see State Constitutions.)

War, power of congress to declare, 128
offensive and defensive, 228, 231
causes and objects of, 228, 229
reprisals in, 229, 230
alliances in, 230, 231
how declared, 231
effect of, on the enemy's subjects, 232
stratagems in, 233
privateering and prizes, 233, 234
truces in, 237
Warrant, prosecution by, 69
Weights and measures, 59, 125
Wills and testaments, 177, 179
Wisconsin, constitution of, 275

Questions

Chapter I.

Sec.1. What is the natural state of mankind?

Sec.2. What renders them mutually dependent? By what means are they enabled
to supply their wants?

Sec.3. Why should every man labor for himself?

Sec.4. What comes from this arrangement?

Sec.5. How are the rights of men secured to them?

Sec.6. What is _law_?

Sec.7. For what else than society are mankind fitted by nature? Define
_moral_.

Sec.8. What is implied in man's having a moral nature?

Sec.9. What qualities or faculties in mankind fit them for government and
law?

Sec.10. What is a state or nation?

Sec.11. What is the object of forming state associations? What is meant by
_civil government_?

Chapter II.

Sec.2. Define the word _right_. May we do whatever we please?

Sec.3. Why are rights called _natural_? Why _inalienable_? How may they be
lost?

Sec.4. What are _personal_ rights? Define rights of person and right of
property. State the distinction between personal rights and the rights
of person.

Sec.5. Define _political_ rights. What particular rights are political?

Sec.6. What are _civil_ rights?

Sec.7. _Religious_ rights? What else are they called?

Sec.8. Under what general term are the different rights embraced?

Sec.9. What is _liberty_? Political, civil, and religious liberty?

Sec.10. What is the difference between _right_ and _liberty_?

Sec.11. What does this example further explain?

Chapter III.

Sec.1. Define _law_. By what names are laws distinguished?

Sec.2. Define the _law of nature_.

Sec.3. From what does the law of nature arise?

Sec.4. What is meant by the _moral law_?

Sec.5. Define _political law_.

Sec.6. Define _municipal_. How are municipal or civil laws distinguished
from political?

Sec.7. Ought the divine law in all cases to be obeyed?

Sec.8. Why then are human laws necessary?

Sec.9. Can you give any other reason?

Sec.10. What measure of love is due to the Creator and our fellow men
respectively?

Sec.11. What are the characteristics of this law of love?

Chapter IV.

Sec.1. What were the earliest governments? Define _patriarch_.

Sec.2. What was the government of the Hebrews called? Define _theocracy_.

Sec.3. What is _sovereign_ or _supreme power_?

Sec.4. What is a _monarchy_? An absolute monarchy? A limited monarchy?

Sec.5. A hereditary monarchy? An elective monarchy?

Sec.6. A _despotism_? Define _despot_ and _tyrant_.

Sec.7. What is an _aristocracy_? Define the word

Sec.8. What is a _democracy_? Define the word.

Sec.9. What is a _republic_? Wherein do a democracy and a republic differ?

Sec.10. What is a _commonwealth_?

Chapter V.

Sec.1. What is the object of civil government? How is this object best
secured?

Sec.2. What is a constitution? By what name is it called?

Sec.3. What is it's nature?

Sec.4. By what authority is a constitution made?

Sec.5. By whom is a constitution formed? What is the assembly called?

Sec.6. How is a constitution adopted?

Sec.7. How are the rights of the people secured by a constitution?

Sec.8. What is the condition of the people in an absolute monarchy?

Sec.9. Describe briefly the government of Great Britain. What political
rights have the people?

Sec.10. Of what does the constitution of Great Britain consist?

Chapter VI.

Sec.1. By what are the qualifications of voters prescribed?

Sec.2. Who are freemen?

Sec.3. Why should none but freemen vote?

Sec.4. Why is a term of residence required?

Sec.5. Why are not aliens immediately allowed to vote?

Sec.6. In what state do colored men vote?

Sec.7. How are electors sometimes disfranchised? What is an infamous crime?

Sec.8. What is said of property as a qualification?

Chapter VII.

Sec.1. For what purpose is the territory of a state divided?

Sec.2. What are the territorial divisions of a state called?

Sec.3. When are state elections generally held?

Sec.4. By whom are elections conducted? Define _poll_.

Sec.5. Describe the manner of voting. Define _ballot_.

Sec.6. Who may challenge voters?

Sec.7. How and why are voters registered? Are they registered in this
state?

Sec.8. How is it determined what persons are elected?

Sec.10. What is _viva voce_ voting?

Sec.11. What is an election by plurality? By majority?

Sec.12. What objections are there to either of these models?

Chapter VIII.

Sec.1, 2. What division of power is first mentioned? Give the distinction
between the political and civil powers.

Sec.3. What is said of political power in absolute and mixed governments?

Sec.4. How is the civil power divided? What is the business of the
legislature? How is a legislature constituted?

Sec.5. What is the executive department? In whom is the power vested?

Sec.6. What is the business of the judicial department? Of what does it
consist?

Sec.7. Can you give any reasons for this division of the civil power?

Sec.8. How is the legislative power divided?

Chapter IX.

Sec.1. Of what branches is a legislature composed?

Sec.2. Why is only one called house of representatives?

Sec.3. For how long terms are senators chosen? How long in this state?

Sec.4. Why is the senate called upper house?

Sec.5. How are senators apportioned? How in this state?

Sec.6. How are representatives apportioned? For what terms elected? How
apportioned, and for what term elected in this state?

Sec.7. What is the general object of apportionment?

Sec.8. How in an equal representation provided for?

Sec.9. How often are enumerations made? How often in this state? Define
_census_?

Sec.10. What are the qualifications of senators and representatives in this
state?

Sec.11. How are vacancies filled in the senate?

Chapter X.

Sec.1. How often do legislatures meet? How often in this state? What is
meant by _session_?

Sec.2. Where do legislatures meet? What is the place called?

Sec.3. To what are members bound by their oath of office?

Sec.4. How are the houses organized? What are the presiding officers
called?

Sec.5. What are their general duties?

Sec.6. What other officers are chosen? and what are their duties?

Sec.7. Define _quorum_. What number is a quorum in this state?

Sec.8. Are the proceedings ever secret?

Sec.9. What provision is made to prevent interruption?

Chapter XI.

Sec.1. When is the governor's message communicated? What does it contain?

Sec.2. In what other way are measures introduced?

Sec.3. What is done to expedite business? How are committees appointed? and
what do they do?

Sec.5. Name some of the committees.

Sec.6. What are _standing_ committees? _Select_ committees?

Sec.7. How do committees discharge their duties?

Sec.8. Wherein does the utility of committees appear?

Sec.9. What is a bill?

Sec.10. By whom, and how, are bills introduced?

Sec.11. How often must a bill be read? When is it amended?

Sec.12. After the second reading and amendment, what follows?

Sec.13. Describe the proceedings on the final passage of a bill.

Sec.14. How is it acted on in the other house?

Sec.15. Why is a legislature divided into two branches?

Sec.16. Why are bills submitted to the governor for his approval? Define
_veto_.

Sec.17. What if a governor refuses to sign a bill? Are bills presented to
the governor in this state? If so, and he disapproves them, by what
majorities must they be again passed? Within how many days is he to
return bills in this state?

Chapter XII.

Sec.1. For what terms are governors chosen? For what term in this state?

Sec.2. What are the qualifications for governor in this state?

Sec.3. What are his general powers and duties?

Sec.4. In what cases has he power to grant reprieves and pardons? Define
these words. What is _commute_?

Sec.5. Are any officers in this state appointed by the governor? Is there a
council?

Sec.6. What are the duties of a lieutenant-governor? Is there one in this
state?

Sec.7. When he acts as governor, who takes the chair of the senate?

Chapter XIII.

Sec.1. What assistant executive officers are there in this state? Are they
appointed or elected?

Sec.2. What are the duties of the secretary of state?

Sec.3. Of an auditor or controller?

Sec.4. Of a treasurer?

Sec.5. Of what officers are sureties required?

Sec.6. What are the duties of an attorney-general? Is there one in this
state?

Sec.7. The duties of surveyor-general? Is there one in this state?

Sec.8. A superintendent of schools?

Sec.9. What is the business of state printer?

Sec.10. What other state officers are there?

Chapter XIV.

Sec.1. For what reasons is a state divided into counties and townships?

Sec.2. How large are townships?

Sec.3. From what comes the name of _county_? Of _shire_, and _sheriff_?

Sec.4. Define _corporation_. What powers have town and county corporations?

Sec.5. In what officers are these powers vested? In whom in this state?

Sec.6. What are the duties of a county treasurer?

Sec.7. Of a register or recorder? Where are deeds, &c., recorded in this
state?

Sec.8. What are a sheriff's duties?

Sec.9. What is the business of a coroner?

Sec.10. Are there state's attorneys in the counties of this state?

Sec.11. Is there a county surveyor?

Sec.12. Are county officers elected by the people in this state?

Chapter XV.

Sec.1. Into what are counties divided?

Sec.2. What is done at the annual town meetings?

Sec.3. What officers are elected? Are all there elected in the towns of
this state?

Sec.4. What are those officers called who direct town affairs? What in this
state?

Sec.5. What are the duties of a town clerk?

Sec.6. What officers in this state have the care of highways? What is a
poll-tax?

Sec.7. By whom are the poor provided for? Are there county poor-houses in
this state?

Sec.8. The duties of constables?

Sec.9. Of treasurer? Are there town treasurers in this state?

Sec.10. The duties of fence-viewers?

Sec.11. Of town-sealer?

Chapter XVI.

Sec.1. Why is the incorporation of cities, &c., necessary?

Sec.2. How are city charters obtained? Define _charter_?

Sec.3. What are the principal city officers called? What inferior officers
are elected?

Sec.4. Are the citizens governed wholly by their own laws?

Sec.5. What criminal court is peculiar to cities?

Sec.6. What are village officers usually called?

Sec.7. Illustrate, by example, the necessity of a village incorporation?

Sec.8. Are corporations always formed by special laws?

Sec.9. What is said of incorporated _companies_?

Sec.10. What is peculiar in the nature of corporations?

Sec.11. In what does a state differ from other government corporations?

Sec.12. Wherein do all government corporations differ from incorporated
business companies?

Chapter XVII.

Sec.2. What is the business of the judicial department?

Sec.3. If there were no courts of justice, what would be the result?

Sec.4. What are the lowest courts called? Why? Define _jurisdiction_?

Sec.5. To what extent has a justice jurisdiction?

Sec.6. What are civil causes? Criminal? Misdemeanors?

Sec.7. How is a suit in a justice's court commenced?

Sec.8. How is a summon served?

Sec.9. Describe the manner of joining issue.

Sec.10. How are witnesses procured? and how is the issue tried?

Sec.11. What if a defendant or plaintiff does not appear?

Sec.12. How is judgment confessed?

Chapter XVIII.

Sec.1. Why are juries instituted?

Sec.2. What is a _jury_? A _verdict_?

Sec.3. A _venire_?

Sec.4. How are jurors kept during their deliberations?

Sec.5. What is done if they agree? If they disagree?

Sec.6. What is an _execution_? What if it is not satisfied?

Sec.7. Is all personal property liable to be sold on execution?

Sec.8. What is an _attachment_? In what cases is it used?

Sec.9. How is it served?

Sec.10. What if a party is dissatisfied with a judgment?

Sec.11. What power have justices in cases of crime?

Sec.12. How are offenders arrested and examined?

Sec.13. How is the prisoner disposed of if the justice can not try him?

Sec.14. Define _recognizance_ and _bail_?

Chapter XIX.

Sec.1. How are county courts constituted? How in this state?

Sec.2. What causes are tried in them? What is _appellate_ and what
_original_ jurisdiction?

Sec.3. Name the courts of this state. What jurisdiction has a circuit
court?

Sec.4. What juries have county and circuit courts? What is an issue of
fact? An issue of law?

Sec.5. How are the jurors selected?

Sec.6. What is the business of a grand jury? Of what number does it consist
in this state?

Sec.7. Describe the proceedings of a grand jury. What is an indictment?

Sec.8. Why are grand juries instituted?

Sec.9. By what instrument are grand juries required?

Sec.10. What is the opinion of some on this subject?

Sec.11. Is there a supreme court in this state? Describe it. Is there a
higher court?

Sec.12. How are suits commenced in county and other higher courts?

Chapter XX.

Sec.1. What is the object of a court of chancery?

Sec.2. Mention some of its powers.

Sec.3. Are there separate and distinct chancery courts in this state?

Sec.4. How are suits commenced and tried in these courts?

Sec.5. What is the business of a probate court?

Sec.6. What is a court of impeachment? Its business? What is an
impeachment? By whom made?

Sec.7. How is it done?

Sec.8. Describe the mode of trial. What follows conviction?

Sec.9. By what other modes are judicial officers removed?

Chapter XXI.

Sec.1. How is money raised for government purposes? What is a poll-tax?

Sec.2. What property is exempt from taxation? What is real, and what
personal property?

Sec.3. By whom, and how, is property valued? How in this state?

Sec.5. Of what three items does the tax consist?

Sec.6. How is it ascertained?

Sec.7. Who in this state cause the tax-list to be made out, and order the
taxes to be collected?

Sec.8. To whom is the money paid when collected?

Chapter XXII.

Sec.1. What is the proper object of government? How is it to be done?

Sec.2. What is the effect of education upon a people? Of ignorance?

Sec.3. Why should government provide the means of education?

Sec.4. To what extent is this done? By what means?

Sec.5. How is the deficiency in the income of the school fund supplied?

Sec.6. How, and to what extent, are school funds provided in the new
states?

Sec.7. In what way, and to what extent, were the school funds increased in
1837?

Sec.8. How are school moneys from the state treasury apportioned? How is
the deficiency in the public moneys to pay teachers made up?

Sec.9. Why are schools called _district_ schools, and _common_ schools?
What officers are elected in districts?

Sec.10. What is the state superintendent in this state called?

Chapter XXIII.

Sec.1. What other duty does the government owe to the citizens?

Sec.2. What portion of the people of a state are most favored?

Sec.3. By whom are canals made? Is there such a public work in this state?

Sec.4. Why should not the money to make them be raised by a general tax?

Sec.5. How are funds sometimes provided for this purpose?

Sec.6. For the want of such funds, how is the money obtained? How is it to
be repaid?

Sec.7. How is the business of borrowing done? What are _state stocks_?

Sec.8. What renders the purchase of state stocks a safe transaction?

Sec.9. By whom are canal affairs managed?

Sec.10. What states are most noted for their canals?

Sec.11. By whom are rail-roads usually constructed? Why is an act of
incorporation necessary?

Sec.12. What does the act provide?

Sec.13. How is the capital, or stock, raised? What officers are chosen, and
by whom?

Sec.14. What is the nature of these certificates of stock?

Sec.15. How do stockholders expect to be refunded? What are dividends? When
are stocks at par? When above or below par?

Chapter XXIV.

Sec.1. Where were the first banks? and whence is the name derived?

Sec.2. By what authority are our banks established? How is the capital
stock raised?

Sec.3. How do business men deposit and draw out their money?

Sec.4. What is a _certificate of deposit_? How is it made transferable? and
convertible into money?

Sec.5. Describe the manner of transmitting money through banks.

Sec.6. How are banks repaid? What is saved to business men by this mode of
remittance?

Sec.7. Describe the operation of lending money by a bank.

Sec.8. Describe a bank bill. What if a bank is unable to redeem its bills?
How are bill-holders secured against loss?

Sec.9. What is the nature of the free banking system?

Sec.10. How does this law provide for the security of bill-holders?

Sec.11. What is the business of insurance companies? What do they insure?
Define _policy-premium_.

Sec.12. Of what consist the profits of stock insurance companies? Show this
by an example.

Sec.13. How are companies enabled to fix proper rates of insurance? Is all
property insured at the same rate? Why not?

Sec.14. Describe the character of mutual insurance companies. How is money
raised for paying losses?

Chapter XXV.

Sec.1. What preparation is made for the public defense? What does the word
_militia_ include?

Sec.2. For what other purpose may portions of the militia be wanted? Define
_insurrection_ and _rebellion_.

Sec.3. Who are liable to do military service? Who are exempt by the laws of
the states generally?

Sec.4. Who by the laws of the United States?

Sec.5. What military authority have the governors and the president? Why
have they this power?

Sec.6. How are persons dealt with for non-attendance and delinquency at
parades?

Sec.7. What are the duties of the adjutant-general?

Sec.8. What is the business of a commissary-general? Is there one in this
state? Define _arsenal_.

Sec.9. What is done in the case of persons averse to bearing arms? Are any
exempt in this state without commuting?

Sec.10. What regulations exist in New York and Ohio?

Sec.11. For what reasons is the drilling of the whole militia deemed
unnecessary?

Sec.12. What is your opinion of war? What is a better way of settling
disputes between nations?

Chapter XXVI.

Sec.2. What is there in our government that renders a knowledge of it
important to the people?

Sec.3. To what country were the American colonies subject? What is a
_colony_?

Sec.4. Whence did the people derive their rights and privileges? What was
the _form_ of the colonial governments?

Sec.5. From whom did the officers derive their power? Were any elected? On
whose approval did the laws finally depend?

Sec.6. What was the effect of this upon the colonists? What was the object
of the laws of parliament relating to the colonies?

Sec.6, 7. What did some of these laws require?

Sec.8. By what particular means did that government secure the colonial
trade? Define _duty_.

Sec.9. Explain the nature and effect of these duties.

Sec.10. What right did parliament claim? What act was accordingly passed?
What did the colonists do? What was the final result?

Chapter XXVII.

Sec.1. When did the first continental congress meet? How were its members
chosen? What great act did it do in 1776?

Sec.2. What did it in November, 1777? When did the confederation go into
effect?

Sec.3. How did the union formed by it prove? What was the probable cause of
its imperfections?

Sec.4. What was its leading defect? Mention some instances of its weakness?

Sec.5. What probably aided in inducng compliance with the ordinances of
congress?

Sec.6. What new difficulties arose after peace? What difficulty attended
the laying of duties by the states?

Sec.7. For what other purpose did congress need the power to lay duties?
How had Great Britain secured the carrying trade?

Sec.8. What other trouble arose from this imperfect union?

Sec.9. How was this difficulty sought to be remedied?

Sec.10. What was the result of the meeting at Annapolis?

Sec.11. In what did the recommending of a convention result? How was the
constitution ratified in the states?

Sec.12. To give it effect, how many states must ratify? When were
ratifications received from Rhode Island and North Carolina?

Chapter XXVIII.

Sec.2. What is a confederacy? Was the confederation a union of people? or a
union of states? From what does this appear?

Pages:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26